NILES, ALAMEDA COUNTY, CAL. 
3 
HINTS ON TRANSPLANTING 
The many excellent treatises on Fruit Culture which have appeared within the past few 
years—one or more of which should be in the hands of every person intending to plant—render 
it almost unnecessary to give any directions in that line; yet we are so frequently asked for 
advice in this way, that we offer a few general remarks. 
The situation of the orchard having been decided on, the ground should be deeply plowed, 
subsoiled and thoroughly pulverized. The holes should be dug at least a foot larger in every 
direction than actually required by the roots when spread out in their natural position. In 
planting, the top soil should be broken down into the hole, and worked carefully in between 
every root and fiber, filling up every crevice, that every root may be in contact with soil, and 
the whole made quite firm as the filling up progresses. The tree, when planted, may in light 
soils stand from two to three inches deeper' than it stood in the nursery; but in heavy clay or 
wet ground it is advisable to have it stand at the same height as it was before transplanting. 
On account of our long, hot, dry summers, it is well to shade the sunny side of the tree, to 
keep borers out, with a board or shake stuck in the ground, or a piece of burlap wound loose 
around the tree up to the limbs, top tied loose with a string. Whitewash made out of whiting 
or lime will also protect the tree against sun-scald. 
See back of Catalog for list of useful horticultural books we have on hand for sale. 
DISTANCE FOR PLANTING 
Standard Apples . 
Standard Pears . 
Strong-growing Cherries . 
Duke and Morello Cherries.... 
Standard Plums and Prunes... 
Peaches and Nectarines.. 
Apricots .. 
Almonds . 
Walnuts . 
Grapes . 
Currants and Gooseberries. 
Raspberries and Blackberries.. 
Strawberries for field culture., 
Strawberries for garden culture 
.25 
to 
30 
feet 
apart 
each 
way 
to 
24 
44 
4 4 
44 
.20 
to 
24 
4 i 
4 4 
<< 
4 4 
.18 
to 
20 
41 
44 
44 
4 4 
.20 
to 
24 
1 4 
4 4 
« 4 
4 4 
.20 
to 
24 
4 4 
44 
44 
44 
.24 
to 
30 
44 
4 4 
44 
44 
.24 
to 
30 
41 
44 
44 
.40 
to 
50 
<« 
<< 
M 
44 
. 7 
to 
10 
44 
4 
.4 
<< 
by 6 
to 7 
44 
feet 
.3 
to 4 
by 5 
1 to 11/ 2 by 4 to 5 “ 
.1 to 2 feet apart 
Number of Trees or Plants on an Acre at Given Distance Apart. 
Square Method 
Equilateral 
Triangle Method 
Distance, 
1 
foot 
apart 
each 
way, 
number plants. 
43,560 
50,300 
44 
2 
feet 
4 4 
4 4 
44 
** 
4 4 
10,890 
12,375 
44 
3 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4,840 
5,889 
44 
4 
44 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
44 
4 4 
2,722 
3,130 
44 
5 
44 
4 4 
4 4 
44 
4 4 
4 4 
1,742 
2,011 
4 4 
6 
44 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
1,210 
1,397 
• < 
7 
44 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
807 
928 
4 4 
8 
44 
4 4 
44 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
680 
785 
4 4 
9 
4 4 
<< 
4 4 
4 4 
“ 
4 4 
537 
620 
4 4 
10 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
435 
502 
4 4 
12 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 i 
4 4 
4 4 
302 
348 
4 4 
14 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
222 
256 
4 4 
15 
44 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
193 
222 
4 4 
16 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
170 
195 
18 
44 
4 4 
4 4 
“ 
4 4 
134 
154 
20 
44 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
44 
109 
125 
22 
44 
4 4 
4 4 
44 
90 
104 
24 
44 
75 
86 
25 
4 4 
44 
44 
4 4 
4 4 
44 
69 
79 
30 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
4 4 
44 
48 
55 
35 
44 
44 
44 
35 
40 
40 
4 4 
44 
44 
4 4 
44 
4 4 
27 
31 
50 
4 4 
18 
20 
Rule — Square Method — Multiply the distance in feet between the rows by the distance the 
plants are apart in the rows, and the product will be the number of square feet for each plant or 
hill, which, divided into the number of feet in an acre (43,560), will give the number of plants 
or trees to the acre. 
Rule—Equilateral Triangle Method — Divide the number required to the acre “square method” 
by the decimal .866. The result will be the number of plants required to the acre by this method. 
