ROSES. 
199 
coal ashes, to keep out the worms and give a uniformity of 
temperature. The frames should be raised on bricks, to give air 
below; the lights should be taken off during the day in dry 
weather, and air let in at the backs when the weather is moist; 
and even in a mild frost a little exposure will do good rather than 
harm. This treatment may be observed till the very cold weather 
sets in, and then they may have a little protection ; but still air is 
useful whenever it can be safely admitted. The surface of the 
mould should be kept loose by stirring, or covered with loose sand. 
Conductor. 
ROSES, ESPECIALLY AUTUMNAL ROSES. 
THEIR KINDS, CHARACTER, AND CULTURE. 
The Rose has been from time immemorial—indeed, from 
before the commencement of authentic history —the flower par 
excellence; and it still retains the throne of its early glory, 
notwithstanding the multitude of new flowers that have been 
imported or bred out of the old varieties by art, and the extreme 
beauty of many of these ; and in one or other of its varieties or 
modes of treatment, it is a flower of all civilized countries : it 
is a flower accessible to people of all ranks, and generally pos¬ 
sessed by them if they have even the smallest plot of ground. 
The cottager is in great part won from grosser occupations in his 
leisure hours by attending to the Rose trees which adorn his little 
patch of ground, or are trained with wild and luxuriant grace 
upon the rude walls of his cottage, making the whole to appear 
like a favourite work of nature in one of the gayest of her sportive 
moods. Then, if the man of rank and wealth is in possession of 
a complete bed of Roses, with their dwarfs, shrubs, standards, 
and pillars, all in the luxuriance of bloom, he has a collection of 
beauty and a richness of perfume which no other production of 
art and nature can equal. 
Roses are natives or thoroughly domesticated in all climates, 
more especially in the middle latitudes of the eastern continent, 
including India, Persia, and a considerable part of northern 
Africa; and if they are less abundant in America, it appears to 
be owing to want of culture, rather than of a proper climate. In 
