CEL 
CEL 
to get them strong by the middle of 
May, so as to be fit "for transplanting at 
that time; they will be fit for use 
through August and September. In 
some situations considerable difficulty is 
felt in the production of autumn Cauli¬ 
flowers, for in very light soil they usu¬ 
ally run to seed before the heads are of 
any size; in such a case the ground 
should be prepared by mixing a good 
portion of loam with the manure, and 
a very liberal allowance of water must 
be given throughout their progress. 
CELERY. Apium graveolens (Linn.) 
Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae. Eor an early 
supply of this delicious vegetable, seed 
should be sown about the latter end of 
Ecbruary, in pans placed in a moderate 
hot-bed ; the plants must be kept gently 
growing, without subjecting them to too 
much heat, lest they become drawn and 
weakly; by the middle of March they 
will be ready for removal to the borders, 
where they should be dibbled in at 
about three inches from each other, and 
covered with hand-glasses till the wea¬ 
ther becomes sufficiently settled to 
admit of their full exposure; plenty of 
air must be given and water as required. 
Early in May they should be again 
removed, this time to the trenches, 
where they are to be grown for use. 
The best ground for Celery is a holding 
loam enriched with plenty of manure. 
The trenches should be marked out four 
feet from each other, and the earth 
thrown out two spades deep; into the 
bottom of the trench thus formed a 
layer of six inches of rotten hot-bed 
dung should be dug, and the Celery 
planted nine inches from each other; 
they must be liberally treated with 
water till thoroughly established, and as 
suckers or side-shoots arise they should 
be removed from the main stem with 
the thumb and finger. When the plants 
have grown about level with the top of 
the trench they should be “ earthed up,” 
as it is called; this operation is too 
often performed in a careless manner, 
much to the injury of the crop; the 
leaves should be collected together in 
the hand, and a strand of bast passed 
once round them, continuing it through 
the entire row; this is intended, by 
keeping the stems together, to prevent 
the earth falling into the heart of the 
plant, where it would cause rottenness 
and canker; the earth from the sides of 
the trench being carefully levelled in 
with the spade and the string of bast 
removed the operation is completed. 
Earthing up should be performed every 
other week or oftener, according to the 
progress of the plants, and when it 
becomes necessary to bank it up, two 
persons should be employed at it, one 
on each side of the row, because when 
working together the pressure is equal 
on both sides, and the plants conse¬ 
quently kept erect; whereas when only 
one individual has to do the work, it is 
quite likely, if the ground is light, that 
in doing the second side of a row he 
will displace that he has before put 
against the first side ; at each earthing 
the stems should be drawn together 
with a string as before described, and 
the mould thrown up so as to leave the 
points of the heart-leaves clear. 
This crop should be fit for use by the 
end of July, and those to succeed it 
should be sown at intervals of a fort¬ 
night or three weeks; three sowings are 
usually made when a good supply is 
required, the first as described, the 
second under the same circumstances 
about the middle of March, and the 
main crop either at the same time in 
the open air, or in heat about the begin¬ 
ning of April. Their after-management 
should be the same as that already 
mentioned, and great care should be 
taken to have the late crops well earthed 
up, even to the points of the leaves, on 
the approach of sharp frosts. The pro¬ 
duction of good Celery depends very 
much upon starting with a good sort, 
for unless naturally solid and sweet, no 
art of the cultivator’s can make it so. 
Celery is subject to the ravages of the 
wireworm and very destructive larvae of 
a fly which is deposited in the leaves, 
and perforates numerous little tunnels 
between the upper and under epidermis, 
ultimately causing the destruction of the 
entire plant. Against the first the only 
remedial measure is the thorough cleans- 
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