TUR 
WAL 
rain putting these gentry to flight, and 
by enabling the plants to grow fast, 
soon places them beyond the probability 
of injury. Showery weather, therefore, 
should be chosen for the sowing, and if 
it continues damp for a fortnight the 
crop may be considered safe, as the flies 
do not attack the turnip, to cause any 
serious damage, beyond the first rough 
leaves. In cases where the prevalence 
of bright sunny weather exposes the 
plants to their ravages, the best remedy 
(admitting of application in a garden) 
is to sprinkle the plants over with clear 
water, and then to dust them with dry 
earth or wood ashes; the insects cannot 
bite through the adhering dust, and one 
or two applications has frequently pre¬ 
served a crop till the arrival of rain has 
set them growing, and rendered further 
mischief impossible. In sowing turnips 
the broadcast method is usually em¬ 
ployed, though drills would be decidedly 
preferable, as admitting a more effectual 
thinning in the after management. The 
general practice is to have the ground 
dug rather roughly, and to sow on it 
immediately, when a roller is passed 
over to level the surface and bury the 
seed. Sown in drills, and lightly raked 
or harrowed over, would, as before ob¬ 
served, be a better mode, for no plant 
is more impatient of crowding, and un¬ 
less proper attention is given to hoe 
out the superfluous, so that each re¬ 
maining plant may stand separately at a 
distance of at least eight inches from 
the next, fine roots will never be ob¬ 
tained, and it may almost be taken as a 
rule, that the greater the space allowed 
to each plant the larger will be the 
roots ; the facility, therefore, obtainable 
from drill sowing in the after thinning, 
will more than compensate for the little 
extra trouble in committing the seed to 
the ground, and we strongly recommend 
its adoption on any scale. Hoeing tur¬ 
nips is a nice and rather troublesome 
operation, generally requiring to be done 
three times before they can be left in a 
regular equidistant manner. How much 
easier they may be removed when stand¬ 
ing in rows, over those broadcast, must be 
evident to all. As a final crop to suc¬ 
ceed the principal, and come into use 
through the latter part of spring, a 
sowing may be made about the end of 
September, or beginning of the next 
month, which, with the same attention 
to weeding, thinning, &c., will complete 
the year’s supply. The young sprouts 
taken in spring, from such as have stood 
through winter, afford a dish of tender 
and wholesome greens when such tilings 
are getting scarce. Of the kinds usually 
grown in gardens the best are the Stone 
Turnip, of which there are three varie¬ 
ties, the Early and Late White, and the 
Black Stone; the first two are very 
generally known; the form handsome, 
round roots, of medium size, white, firm 
and mild in flavour, with short leaves 
or tops, and come quickly into use. 
The Black is less grown; it has a sin¬ 
gular dark brown skin, but is a very 
handsomely formed root, and when 
peeled is as white as any other variety, 
and of unsurpassed excellence in flavour; 
the tops are rather larger, but it stands 
well even in hot weather. The Early 
Dutch, and the Mouse Tail, or Six 
Weeks’ Turnips, are also grown chiefly 
for spring sowing, as they arrive at a 
useful size very quickly, but are not to 
be depended on for later crops, as the 
first is tender, and the other very apt 
to run. There are several other varie¬ 
ties of larger size employed for field 
culture, but as they do not often find 
their way into the garden, do not 
legitimately belong to this work. 
WALNUT. Juglans regia (Linn.) 
Nat. Ord. Juglandacece. Owing to the 
very general practice of raising these 
trees from seed instead of grafting 
them, as is done with other fruit trees, 
a great number of varieties exist that 
are only locally known, while the cata¬ 
logues show but a few names. It is to 
be regretted this part of their culture 
is neglected, for many of the seedling 
trees, after being grown a number of 
years, prove absolutely worthless. Wal¬ 
nuts delight, and succeed only, in a 
deep, alluvial,rich soil; their roots spread 
far and deep, and as most vegetation 
refuses to grow beneath their shade, the 
