CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS. 241 
The orders in this class are chiefly distinguished from each other 
by the peculiar make of the bill and feet. 
Class III, Amphibia , contains Amphibious animals, including what 
are commonly called reptiles. It is divided into four orders: 
1st. With shells over their back, and four feet; as the tortoise 
and turtle. 
2d. Covered with scales, and having four feet; as the crocodile 
and lizard. 
3d. Body naked, destitute of feet; as serpents. 
4th. The body naked, and having two or four feet; as the frog, 
and toad. 
Class IV, contains Fishes , (Pisces ,) natives of the water, unable 
to exist for any length of time out of it; swift in their motions, and 
voracious in their appetites ; breathing by means of gills, which are 
generally united in a long arch ; swimming by means of radiate fins, 
and mostly covered with scales. 
Molluscous Animals. 
Class V. Molluscous animals have soft bodies without bones; 
their muscles are attached to a calcareous covering called a shell, 
which is supposed to be formed by the secretions of the animal. 
This class are destitute of most of the organs of sense ; the nauti¬ 
lus and cuttle-fish are of the highest order of molluscous animals. 
The oyster and clam are destitute of heads; they have a shell of 
two pieces, which are therefore termed bi-valved . 
Articulated Animals. 
We proceed next to those animals called Articulated ; these have 
jointed trunks, and mostly jointed limbs. They possess the faculty 
of locomotion , or changing place; some have feet, and others are 
destitute of them; the latter move by trailing along their bodies. 
Class VI, Annelida , contains such animals as have red blood, 
without a bony skeleton ; bodies soft and long, the covering divided 
into transverse rings ; they live mostly in water; some of them se¬ 
crete calcareous matter, which forms a hard covering, or shell; as the 
earth or angle-worm, and leech. 
Class VII, Crustacea , contains animals without blood, with jointed 
limbs fastened to a calcareous crust; they breathe by a kind of gills. 
Class VIII, Arachnida , contains spider-like animals, without 
blood, or horns with jointed limbs. They breathe by little openings, 
which lead to organs resembling lungs, or by small pipes distributed 
over the whole body; these do not pass through any important 
change of state, as insects do; they have mostly six or eight eyes, 
and eight feet, and feed chiefly on living animals ; examples of this 
class are the spider and scorpion. 
Class IX, Insecta , or insects, without blood, having jointed limbs 
and horns; they breathe by two pipes, running parallel to each 
other through the whole body; they have two horns ; they are mostly 
winged, having one or two pairs; a few are without wings; mostly 
with six feet. They possess all the senses which belong to any class 
of animals, except that of hearing. 
The winged insects pass through several changes or metamor¬ 
phoses. The butterfly is first an egg; this, when hatched, is long 
and cylindrical, and divided into numerous rings, having many short 
legs, jaws, and several small eyes; this is the larva , or caterpillar. 
Class 3d—Class 4th—Molluscous animals—Articulated animals— Class 6th — Class 
7th—Class 8th—Class 9th—Metamorphoses of insects. 
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