NATURAL ORDERS. 
01 
ol 
Corolla either ligulate, or tubular. Stamens 5, alternating with the teeth of the 
corolla; filaments distinct, anthers forming a cylinder by their coherence. Ova¬ 
ry inferior 1-celled, with a single erect ovule. Style single; stigmas 2. Fruit 
an achenium. Seed solitary, erect. Examples: Dandelion and Lettuce. An¬ 
tiscorbutic, and mild anodyne. 
60. Cinaroceph^alje. Examples: Thistle and Burdock, differs little from the 
preceding. 
61. Corymbif/'erje. Thorough-wort plants. Examples: Eupatorium and 
Rudbeckia. Very valuable for their medicinal qualities. The compound flow¬ 
ers are by some writers classed under the general head Composite, and subdi¬ 
vided into numerous sections, viz: Cardnacece , or the Thistle tribe, Asterece , or 
the Aster tribe, Eupatorinecc , or the Thorough-wort tribe, Jacobece : or the Colts¬ 
foot tribe, and Helianthece , or the Sunflower tribe. 
Class XL Dicotyledons. 
Corolla monopetalous^ epigynous , (above the germ,) anthers distinct. 
62. Dipsa'ceje. Teasel plants. Flowers densely capitate. Leaves opposite or 
whorled. Herbs or under-shrubs. Examples: Teasel, Button-bush. 
63. Rubia'cea:. Bed-straw tribe. Leaves whorled, very entire. Flowers ax¬ 
illary or terminal. ' Stamens 4, ovary simple, fruit a dieresil, 2.-seeded. Exam¬ 
ples : Galium, Rubia. Some of this family are of use in dying. 
64. Caprifo'lia. Elder. Snow-ball , and Honey-suckle-like plants. Shrubs. 
Ovary cohering with the calyx; fruit crowned by its limb. Leaves opposite.. 
Flowers terminal’, corymbose or axillary. Examples: Viburnum, Lonicera, 
Symphoria. 
Class XII. Dicotyledons. 
Corolla poly petalous; stamens epigynous , (above the germ.) 
65. Ara'lea;. Ginseng tribe. Calyx superior. Stamens 5 or 6, or 10 or 12* 
arising from within the border of the calyx; ovary with many cells; ovules 
solitary,, pendulous; styles equal in number to the cells. Trees, shrubs, or 
herbs, resembling umbelliferous plants in their habit. Examples: Spikenard, 
(Aralia,) Ginseng, (Panax.) 
66. - Umbellif^era:. Parsley-like plants. Stem herbaceous. Leaves mostly 
pinnate or pinnatifid. Flowers in umbels. Calyx adhering to the germ. Co¬ 
rolla 5-petalled. Stamens 5. Style and stigma 2. Fruit a cremocarp. Seeds 
closed, remaining after maturity^suspended to a central axis. Examples : Dill, 
Fennel, Parsley, Caraway.. Uses and medicinal qualities various. The follow¬ 
ing subdivision has been made of this tribe: 1st, Hydrocotolice; umbels simple 
or imperfect. Examples: Water-hemlock, (Cicuta,) Water-parsnip, (Siam,) 
FoolVparsley, and Angelica; 2d, Campy to spermce ; Sweet cicely, and Hemlock, 
(Conium.) 
Class XIII. Dicotyledons. 
Corolla polypetalous ; stamens hypogynous, (under the germ.) 
67. Ranuncula'cea:. A very large order, containing the Virgin’s-bower, Ra¬ 
nunculus, Anemone, Hepatica, Calyx with many definite sepals, or many- 
parted. Stamens and pistils numerous. Fruit often consists of dry nuts or car¬ 
pels. Herbs or under-shrubs. Leaves simple, often variously lobed and sub¬ 
divided, petioled. Some of this family, as the gold thread, (Coptis,) are highly 
astringent, some are valuable as dies, and some are beautiful as ornamental 
flowers. 
68. Papavera'cea;. Poppy-like plants. Lactescent. Stem herbaceous. Leaves 
alternate. Flowers solitary, in a spike or umbel. Calyx 2-3 sepalled, cadu¬ 
cous. Stamens numerous. Examples: Poppy, Blood-root. Properties: nar¬ 
cotic, anodyne. . . 
69. Crucif^era. Plants with cruciform corollas , as cabbage, turnip, radish. 
Stem herbaceous. Leaves alternate. Flowers corymbed, panicled or in a 
spike. Calyx 4-sepalled. Corolla 4-petalled. Stamens 6, solitary, 4 disposed 
in two pairs. Glands nectariferous. Fruit a silique. Chiefly useful as gar¬ 
den vegetables. This order is subdivided into Siliculosce , pods short, and Sili- 
quosce , pods long. 
70. CapparAdes. A small order. Cruciform plants. Examples: Cleome, 
Gynandropsis. 
71. Sapin ; di. Example: Soap-berry, (Sapindus.) 
72. Ace'ra, (or Acerinece ) Maple tribe. Trees, with opposite, simple, rarely 
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