CLASS XXL ORDER IV. 
turity, towards the midrib, or remains closed. The fertile leaves are contracted 
and narrower than the barren ones, (sensitive polypod.) 
B. Capsule without a ring—being cellular-reticulate, pellucid, sub-striate, radiate 
at the tip. 
Osmun // da. Capsules globose, pedicelled, radiate-striate or wrinkled, having 
a hinge at the joining of the 2 valves, which resembles part of the jointed ring 
of annulated ferns; the capsules either occupy the whole frond, to a limited 
extent, or a panicled raceme. The parts of the frond occupied by the fruit, 
are always more contracted than the barren parts, (dowering fern.) 
C. Sub -order, Apteres— without pinnate, pinnatifidyor other winged leaves. 
Lycopo'dium. Capsules mostly kidney-form, or roundish, 2 or4-valved, open¬ 
ing elastically; they are placed under separate scales in a spike, or sometimes 
in the axils of the leaves. Leafy, their stems being generally covered with 2, 
3, or 4 rows of narrow, simple, entire leaves, (ground pine.) 
Equise'tum. Fruit placed under peltate polygons, being pileus-like bodies, 
which are arranged in whorls, forming a spike-form raceme; 4 to 7 spiral fila¬ 
ments surround the seed, which resemble green globules. Fertile plants mostly 
leafless; the stems of all are jointed with toothed sheaths at every joint, and 
usually longitudinally striated and hollow, (scouring-rush, horse-tail.) 
ORDER II. . MUSCI. 
Funa'ria. Teeth of the outer peristome* 16, cohering together at the apex, 
and twisted obliquely ; the inner peristome consists of 16 membranaceous hairs, 
opposite to the teeth, lying flatly. 
Polytri'Ahum. Peristome ver*y short; teeth 16, 32, or 64; mouth of the germ 
covered by a dry membrane, which is connected to it by the teeth of the peris¬ 
tome ; calyptra very small, with a large villose or hairy covering. 
ORDER III. HEPATICJE. 
Marchan^tia. Receptacles pedicelled, radiate-lobed, disk-like, or bell-form, 
with the inside downward, to which the globose 4-valved capsules are attached 
with their apexes downward. The umbrella-like receptacle is elevated one or 
two inches by a stipe attached to the centre of its lower side, among the cap¬ 
sules, and many pilose appendages. The frond is leafy, reticulate, furnished 
with a midrib, and beset with villose roots on the under side, which attach them¬ 
selves to the-stones in brooks, to damp earth, &c. 
Jungerman // nia. Capsules 4-valved, globose, elevated by peduncles or stipes 
from within a bell-form calyx. The fronds are made up of finer leaves than 
those of the Marchantia, and are often mistaken for mosses, among which they 
generally grow. 
ORDER IV. ALGiE. 
A. The section FucoiDEis comprises those sea-weeds of the old genus Fucus, whose 
fronds are cartilaginous or leathery , and of an olive or copper colour , becoming 
brown or black. They are composed, of interwoven , longitudinal fibres. The 
floating vesicles apper like portions of the f rond blown up in bubbles. 
Fidcus. Receptacles tubercled; tubercles perforated, nourishing aggregated 
capsules within, intermixed with articulated fibres. 
B. The section Floride^e comprises those sea-weeds of the old genus Fucus, whose 
fronds are leathery, membranous or gelatinous, and of a purple or rose colour. 
Halyme'nia. Frond membranaceous, leathery, nerveless, punctate; seed im¬ 
mersed throughout the w r hoie frond, disposed in spots. 
C. The section Ulvoide^ comprises the plants of the old genus TJlva. Fronds 
membranaceous , {broad, or in narrow slips,') thin, of a grass-green colour. Their 
substance consists of cells , with the fruit immersed in the frond. They grow on 
rocks, stones, shells, fyc. in the sea,; also in ditches, stagnant waders, damp 
woods, tyc. 
Ul" va. Seeds in fours, immersed in every part of the membranaceous frond. 
D. The section Confer voided comprises the plants of the old genus Conferva . 
Fruit capsular or naked granulations. Fronds filiform and geniculate, con- 
The peristome is the membrane which appears around the mouth of the capsule of mosses, 
under the lid. 
