150 
VILLARSIA—VIOLA. 
erect, strong; legumes ascending, tumid, coriaceous; leafets oval-acute, 
entire; stipules sagittate; toothed at the base. From Persia. 
VILLARSIA. 5—1. ( Gentiance .) 
lacuno'sa , (w. Au. A*) leaves reniform, sub-peltate, slightly crenate, lacunose 
beneath; petioles long, bearing the flowers; corolla smooth; stem long, 
filiform, floating; flowers somewhat umbelled. Ponds and Lakes. 
VINCA. 5—1. ( Apocynece .) [From vincio , to bind, on account of its usefulness in making 
bands, or its creeping stem.] 
mV nor , (periwinkle, b. Ap. L0 stem procumbent; leaves lance-oval, smooth 
at the edges; flowers peduncled; teeth of the calyx lanceolate. Ex. 
VIOLA. 5—1. or according to the divisions of Lindley, Violacece.) [From ion, because 
first described in Ionia.] 
A. Stemless , or with a subterranean stem. \_Leaves more or less reniform , always 
cordate , younger cucullate; proper colour of the corolla violet .] 
cuculla'ta , (b. p. M. A) glabrous; leaves cordate, somewhat acuminate, cre- 
nate-dentate; autumnal ones largest, very exactly reniform; peduncle 
somewhat 4-sided, longer than the leaves; divisions of the calyx subulate, 
acuminate, emarginate behind, or very entire; petals (as in many Ameri¬ 
can species) oblique, veiny, very entire, white at the base, upper one gen¬ 
erally naked, glabrous, lateral ones bearded, and with the upper one mark¬ 
ed with a few blue lines. Var. papilionacea , petioles and peduncles longer ; 
leaves sub-lance-ovate; beards of the lateral petals often yellow. Var. te- 
tragona , peduncle strong, exactly 4-sided; petals azure-colour, veinless. 
Var. villosa , leaves, petals, and peduncles villose. 4-8 i. 
palma'ta , (b-p. M. AO mostly villose ; leaves heart-reniform, palmate, 5-7- 
lobed; lobes often narrow, and gashed, middle one always larger; some¬ 
times villose both sides, sometimes only beneath ; often glabrous, all of them 
very often purple beneath ; the first spring ones are ovate, entire ; petioles 
sub-emarginate ; peduncle somewhat 4-sided, longer than the leaves; di¬ 
visions of the calyx lance-ovate, ciliate, very entire behind; petals all 
very entire, veiny, and white at the base, upper ones narrow, smaller, 
sometimes villose at the base, yet often naked, glabrous; lateral ones 
densely bearded, and with the upper one, marked with a few blue lines. 
One variety has white flowers. 3-6 i. 
[Leaves oblong or ovate , never reniform; younger ones cucullate .] 
sagitta'ta , (E. b-p. Ap. AO glabrous; leaves ciliate, oblong, not acute, sagit¬ 
tate-cordate, dentate, gashed at the base, (or furnished with elongated di¬ 
varicate teeth ;) peduncle somewhat 4-sided, longer than the leaves; divis¬ 
ions of the calyx lanceolate, acuminate, emarginate behind; petals ail very 
entire, veiny, white at the base; upper one generally naked, glabrous; 
lateral ones densely bearded, and with the upper one, marked with a few 
blue lines; spur elongated behind. A variety has the leaves more or less 
villose. Dry. 
[Leaves ovate or lanceolate ; corolla white , with the lateral petals narrower .] 
amoe'na , (E. w. Ap. AO glabrous ; leaves ovate, sub-acuminate, crenate, 
sometimes sub-villose above; petioles long, spotted with red; peduncle 
somewhat 4-sided, equalling or exceeding the length of the leaves, spotted; 
divisions of the calyx lanceolate; petals all very entire, green at the base; 
lateral ones sometimes with the base pubescent, and with the upper one 
marked with a few blue lines. Moist woods. Flowers odorous. 
[Stemless , not belonging to the preceding divisions .] 
rotundifo'lia , (O. M. y. AO glabrous; leaves thickish, appressed to the earth, 
broad-ovate or orbicular, cordate, crenate ; nerves pubescent beneath ; sinus 
closed; peduncle somewhat 4-sided, as long as the leaves ; divisions of the 
calyx oblong, obtuse ; petals sometimes emarginate ; upper ones small; 
lateral ones somewhat bearded, and with the upper one, marked with a few 
yellowish brown lines ; spur very short. Woods. 1-3 i. 
peda'ta , (M. p-b. AO glabrous; leaves sometimes ciliate, variously divided, 
very open, pedately 9-parted; divisions linear, and obtusely lanceolate 
generally 3-lobed at the apex, often simply lanceolate, with the apex, 5-7 
lobed, peduncle somewhat 4-sided; divisions of the calyx lanceolate, acute 
