House & Garden 
DREER 
GARDEN 
BOOK 
19 2 3 
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714-716 Chestnut Street 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 
IVrite today for a copy, 
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publication. 
TheBird -a n d- F lowerPaintingsofChina 
(Continued from page 132) 
And they did to it what is always 
done 
To the learned and eloquent. 
They took a cage with stout bars 
And shut it up inside.” 
I recall a very beautiful Chinese 
Bird-and-Flower painting depicting a 
pheasant and wild mallows, and I 
iearned from a Chinese scholar that 
this subject carried allusion to an an¬ 
cient Chinese poem of the First Century 
B. C. relating the story of the return 
after fourscore years, absence in the 
Emperor’s service of a soldier to his 
native village where he found his old 
house a ruin overgrown with verdure, 
rabbits running in at the doghole, 
pheasants flying down from the roof 
beams, the courtyard overgrown with 
wild grain, and mallows choking the 
old well. The aged soldier looked 
around sorrowfully and lamented: “Of 
the wild grain can I porridge make, 
of the mallows broth, but who will 
share the feast with me!” Then he 
turned towards the East and tears fell 
upon his sleeve. 
Before me as I write I have a lovely 
little Chinese Bird-and-Flower painting 
on silk, the bird depicted is an oriole. 
Briefly the allusion seems to be to Po 
Chu-i’s lovely poem in which the song 
of the oriole at home is recalled to 
the poet by hearing, in his dreary 
Hsun-yang exile, the song of another 
oriole. While the notes of the bird of 
memory seem to be sweeter than those 
of the bird now singing, the poet re¬ 
flects that the difference really lies in 
the heart, and that if one could but 
forget that he lived at the end of the 
world, the song of this oriole would 
really sound as sweet to him as did 
that of the bird at home in the gardens 
of Ch’ang-an Palace. 
These instances well illustrate how 
differently oriental and occidental 
painters go about their subjects. Our 
Western painters would seek objective¬ 
ly to evoke emotion by depicting 
definitely some scene from the story. 
The Chinese artist subtly, deftly opens 
to the imagination the world of fancies. 
Some of the very artificialities of later 
Chinese poetry were seized upon equal¬ 
ly by Chinese Bird-and-Flower painters 
and when the use of elegant synonyms 
which came to be so dear to the Chinese 
litterateurs gave to the sun such names 
as “Crow-in-flight,” we find the Chinese 
painters depicting a flying crow and 
some blossom accompaniment, an allu¬ 
sion, you will see, to some legend of 
the sun, and not to the crow at all! 
I confess it is all very confusing to the 
occidental but it is extremely interest¬ 
ing to attempt to dip into the myster¬ 
ies of the Hua niao. 
Motors in the Home 
(Continued from page 85) 
it is designed, and the voltage. 
Inquire of your power company what 
is the frequency of the circuit that 
supplies your house. It is probably 
either 25, 40 or 60 cycles. See that 
the motor is built for operation on 
the frequency used in your town or 
your special district if in a large town. 
The pressure of the electricity in the 
circuit is expressed in volts, just as 
the water pressure in the pipes is ex¬ 
pressed in pounds. Motors are designed 
to run by current of a specified voltage, 
usually, in household devices, either 110 
or 220. Make sure, therefore, that the 
motor you buy is rated in accordance 
with the voltage employed in your city. 
There is a motor called the “Univer¬ 
sal.” But it should not be assumed 
from the name that it can be attached 
to any circuit, or that it will run 
anything. It means that it can be 
run by either alternating or direct cur¬ 
rent, and in the case of the former, on 
a limited range of frequencies, includ¬ 
ing 60 cycles, and at the voltage 
marked on its name plate which please 
note on purchase. In general, a uni¬ 
versal motor is used on appliances 
where variations in speed with changes 
in load, (that is changes in the amount 
of work the machine is called to do, 
as when a washing machine motor is 
shifted from washing to wringing the 
clothes or when great thicknesses are 
wrung out), are not great enough to 
be objectionable; as for example, in a 
vacuum cleaner or a ventilating fan. 
In the case of the household type wash¬ 
ing machine, the variation in load is 
great, and the resultant variation in 
speed objectionable, making the use of 
the universal motor impracticable. 
If added information on the charac¬ 
teristics and types of motors is desired, 
the reader is referred to the writer’s 
book, “Cheating the Junk Pile” which 
has just been published. 
When you don’t know the details, 
such as the voltage, frequency, etc., 
used in the house circuits of your city, 
ask your light and power company. 
This cannot be too strongly empha¬ 
sized. It will prevent expense and 
save time and money. 
SIZES IN MOTORS 
Motors come from l/200th horse 
power up to 8000 horse power but the 
home is interested only in the smaller 
sizes, up to 1 HP: HP. being the 
usual high spot struck in the home, 
and the low spot l/40th HP, used for 
hair dryers and such things. 
Because you see these motors doing 
rather heavy and important work you 
are prone to think their use is costly. 
But quite the reverse is true; a motor 
driven device is far from expensive. 
Witness these impressive figures—which 
of course it gives us wild joy to record 
for you:— 
Cost per 
Cost Article Hour 
10 cts per KWHR 50 watt lamp .5 cent 
40 watt lamp .4 cent 
25 watt lamp .23 cent 
15 watt lamp .15 cent 
Therefore a 
50 watt lamp may be operated 
2 hours for 1 cent 
40 watt lamp may be operated 
2.5 hours for 1 cent 
25 watt lamp may be operated 
4 hours for 1 cent 
15 watt lamp may be operated 
5 hours for 1 cent 
This isn’t a heart breaking or purse 
breaking performance is it ? 
Now consider the electric fans, be¬ 
cause they have a motor to move them. 
9" fan runs for 3 hours for 1 cent 
12 " ” ” ” 2 ” ” 1 ” 
16" ” ” ” 1.5 ” ” 1 ” 
Therefore it costs you the same to 
run a 12" fan as it does to run a 50 
watt lamp. 
The vacuum cleaner consumes about 
160 watts per hour. At 10 cents per 
kilowatt hour it costs about one and 
six-tenths of a cent per hour to run it, 
or it can be used two-thirds of an hour 
for one cent and 10 cents per KW.HR 
is a fairly high rate. In some places it 
is lower. 
You can easily gauge the cost of 
your vacuum cleaner by the hours you 
use it. 
THE WASHER 
“Ah!” you say, “here is where the 
(Continued on page 138) 
