House & Garden 
112 
Completes any Garage! 
Hang the doors 
M c KINN E Y-/<zs/( ion 
E VERYTHING needed to hang garage doors right is in 
the box which holds a McKinney Complete Garage Set. 
From the track to the least screw, every unit is there—and 
so easily assembled even an amateur can do a fine job, 
McKinney-fashion. 
As long as the garage stands, its McKinney-hung doors 
will hang true. Designed to perfect a garage entrance, 
McKinney-hung doors glide smoothly, shut firmly and 
never grow obstinate. 
Doors easily operated, an entrance really artistic—not 
only the garage just building can have this requisite, but it 
is readily added to your present garage, at slight effort and 
little cost. Leading hardware stores sell McKinney Com¬ 
plete Garage Sets for only a trifle more than ordinary hard¬ 
ware unassembled! 
McKinney manufacturing company 
Pittsburgh 
Western Office: Wrigley Building, Chicago 
MCKINNEY 
Complete Garage Door Sets 
HOW to CHOOSE a HEATING SYSTEM 
(Continued from page 110) 
will be consumed per hour. During 
the average heating season, authorities 
estimate the coal needed will be about 
2 lbs. per hour, per square foot of grate 
surface. The amount of coal used can 
be cut down by careful firing, recircu¬ 
lation of inside air and use of regulating 
draft and check dampers. Ease of 
operation, low first cost, flexibility, 
economy and durability are the reasons 
for the popularity of the warm-air sys¬ 
tem of heating. 
OTHER HEATING METHODS 
Modifications of the furnace system 
are possible and their use will depend 
upon local conditions. For instance, a 
new addition or distant room can be 
heated by a direct radiator, if a water 
coil is placed in the fire-pot of the fur¬ 
nace. In natural gas regions, gas burn¬ 
ers can be used very economically and 
as thermostatic control is possible, the 
owner can forget that he has a furnace. 
Another great advantage is that there 
will be no coal or ashes to shovel. In 
large homes, where the owner demands 
a furnace heating plant, his wishes can 
be complied with by using a battery of 
two furnaces or the trunk line system, 
which is rarer. With the latter system 
the air is taken from the top of the 
furnace and conveyed by one or more 
main ducts from which smaller 
branches to the rooms are taken. 
Where first cost is the main consid¬ 
eration, in houses of compact style, 
small mountain or seashore cottages, 
the pipeless furnace has been used with 
satisfaction. By this method the warm 
air is discharged through one large 
register in a central location. The 
greatest disadvantage of this type of 
heater is that privacy is impossible, 
proper circulation of air and in addi¬ 
tion the bathroom will never be com¬ 
fortable without an auxiliary heater. 
THE STEAM SYSTEM 
The steam heating system is adapt¬ 
able to any size or type of house, as the 
pressure of the steam will insure a posi¬ 
tive circulation and an even tempera¬ 
ture in all parts of the house. Steam 
is generated in the boiler, which can be 
located in any part of the basement, 
and is distributed to the radiators in 
the various rooms. As the steam gives 
up its heat it condenses and the watei* 
flows back to the boiler. 
Self-feeding boilers are on the mar¬ 
ket so that personal attention is cut 
down to a minimum. In the morning, 
by thermostatic control of the dampers, 
quick heating up is possible, an ad¬ 
vantage that many people want. 
As the boiler is the heart of the 
plant, its design is important in order 
that the maximum amount of heat is 
secured from the fuel burned. The size 
and arrangement of the water passages, 
length of fire travel, fire-pot construc¬ 
tion and ash-pit size are large factors 
in the economical and successful opera¬ 
tion of the plant. A boiler’s ability is 
based on the amount of water it will 
convert into steam, per pound of coal 
burned, in a given time. It is rated by 
the amount of radiation it will supply. 
VAPOR—VACUUM 
The same kind of boiler is used with 
the vapor-vacuum system, which can 
be used in practically the same places 
as steam. It has a quicker response 
than steam, has the same flexibility and 
the further advantages of being noise¬ 
less in operation and able to maintain 
a more even temperature. By eliminat¬ 
ing the air from pipes and radiators, 
vapor will be generated at a lower 
temperature and with no pressure to 
contend with an immediate and more 
rapid circulation results. Piping for a 
vapor-vacuum system is not as large 
as for steam or hot water and the small 
additional cost over a steam system, 
for a few more fittings is negligible. In 
first cost this system of heating stands 
between steam and hot water. 
Hot water heating has the advantage 
of lower temperature as well as an even 
level. Its demand on the coal bin is 
small and its operation is without 
noise. A good boiler, connecting with 
a piping and radiator system properly 
sized and balanced is a most desirable 
combination and will give satisfaction 
for it is easy to operate and can go for 
considerable periods without attention. 
It is best in homes where it can be 
carefully operated for the pipes and 
radiators are filled with water at all 
times, and should it happen that the 
fire went out for a rather long time, 
during severe weather, a freeze-up 
might occur that would cause water 
damage to floors and walls as well as 
to the radiators and pipes. 
SAVING COAL 
Coal can be saved in good quantities, 
if boilers and cellar pipes are insulated. 
When high priced fuel is used, careful 
attention to firing will also show sur¬ 
prising results over the period of the 
heating season. It has been found that 
the average efficiency obtained from 
house heating plants ranges between 
40 and 60 per cent and careless operat¬ 
ing methods are held responsible. 
This means a great annual waste that 
could be corrected by a little expendi¬ 
ture of time and would also add to the 
comfort of many homes. This is par¬ 
ticularly true in the case of small 
plants where attention is given only 
as the spirit or feeling dictates. 
Careful cleaning of the furnace or 
boiler at the end of the season will add 
to its life and decrease repair expense. 
Following the suggestions of the boiler 
makers is the best way to get the most 
from any heating plant, that is correct¬ 
ly designed and installed and experience 
will teach the peculiarities of each 
plant. All things being in proportion, 
the items of fuel economy and service 
should dictate the choice of a heating 
system for the home. 
A. V. Hutchinson 
[O' 
