CALENDAR FOR NOVEMBER. 
263 
CALENDAR OF FRUIT AND FORCING GARDEN 
OPERATIONS. NOVEMBER. 
Fruit Garden. Proceed gradually with the pruning in all 
favorable weather, clearing away and destroying immediately all 
spray diseased or infested with insects. As soon as the trees are 
pruned, the ground should be manured and dug where necessary, 
so that the soil may be lightened above the roots, and not left in 
a close trampled state to hold water, and chill the roots and 
spongioles, which are never in a perfect state of rest. After 
pruning also is the time to drain or trench, so that the ground 
need not be interfered with again. Where new orchards are re¬ 
quired, the trees should be procured at once, and planted. 
Recollect, in doing this, the first requisite, often very difficult to 
remedy afterwards if neglected now, is to make sure of perfect 
drainage, the drains being placed so deep as to be out of the way 
of any future trenching or surface operations. The ground 
should also be trenched, and manured to carry whatever crop is 
to be grown, but this crop should not be allowed to interfere in 
any way with the young trees, or the spread of their roots. The 
trees should be planted rather shallow, especially in stiff land, 
and no dung should be placed in immediate contact with their 
roots. They should be immediately secured by staking and tying, 
and the ground be left as undisturbed about them as possible. In 
pruning, or training to form the heads of standard fruit trees, 
care should be taken to keep them open in the centre, so that 
they shall not run up into mere pyramids, bearing only a few 
fruit at the top; also in shortening the other shoots the leader 
should be cut away, leaving a well-placed lateral to form the 
leader for the next season. 
The pruning and nailing of the wall trees should be proceeded 
with as soon as all the trees and bushes in the open quarters are 
done, commencing with the cherries. Lay in the young wood 
thin, so as to avoid crowding, and to allow room for a proper 
supply of summer shoots to go close to the wall to supply the 
succeeding crop. 
Secure the vine rods to the wall, but do not prune them until 
the spring. Currants, gooseberries, and raspberries should be 
