CHI 
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of the larger size of its blossoms ; peat 
and loam suit it best, though it does not 
refuse to grow in common soil. Increased 
by layers or cuttings struck in a little 
heat. 
The species C.fragrans was formerly 
known as Calycanthus prcBcox. 
CHIONANTHUS, Fringe tree (Linn.) 
Nat. Ord. Oleaceee. There are three 
species of fringe tree, two ol them, 
axillaris and maritima, are shrubs, attain¬ 
ing eight or nine feet in height; the 
other ( virginica') assuming the form of 
a low tree. All have numerous pure 
white flowers, and are desirable in exten¬ 
sive shrubberies. They grow in common 
soil, and are increased from seed, or by 
grafting on the common ash. 
CISTUS, Bock Bose (Touknefort.) 
Nat. Order. Cistacece. A large genus 
of dwarf evergreen shrubs, most of 
them producing gaily-coloured flowers, 
which are very fugacious, but being pro¬ 
duced in a- continuous succession, are 
desirable among other shrubs ; the prin¬ 
cipal objections to be taken to the exten¬ 
sive employment of the genus lies in 
their tender character, as they are liable 
to injury in severe weather, and often 
become unsightly by the decay of the 
lower branches. C. cadaniferus , or gum 
cistus, is the most common; it is larger 
than most others, and has showy white 
flowers, the base of each petal having a 
distinct spot of rich crimson. C. ledon, 
white; undulatus, purple ; platysepalus, 
red; creticus, purple; and acutifolius, 
white,—are among the most esteemed of 
the dwarf species, and are well suited for 
rockwork or the front of a small border 
of shrubs, and of the larger growing 
kinds, such as populifolius , white ; villo- 
sus, purple; and laurifolius, white, may 
be selected. They grow best in light 
well-drained soil, and are readily increased 
by layers or cuttings struck under a hand¬ 
glass. It is advisable to preserve dupli¬ 
cates of the smaller sorts in pots,. pro¬ 
tected with a frame through the winter, 
as in some seasons those exposed are 
often much injured, or possibly killed. 
CLEMATIS, Virgin's Bower (Linn.) 
Nat. Ord. Bamnculaceee. The hardy 
species mostly are deciduous, or evergreen 
climbers, of rapid growth, abundant 
bloomers, and delicious fragrance. C. 
Jlamnvida, florida, grandiflora , Sieboldii, 
and viticella are favorite species for 
trelliswork or covering walls. They 
thrive in any good soil, and are readily 
increased by laying the young shoots in 
summer ; dose pruning is necessary every 
autumn, in order to keep them manage¬ 
able, but when growing the shoots must 
be allowed to run as far as they will, 
because the flowers being produced near 
the end, any pruning at that time would 
have the effect of removing the blossoms. 
Seeds are sometimes produced, and afford 
easy means of obtaining a stock of plants; 
it should be sown when ripe in a cool 
place, and the young plants will appear 
in the following season. 
CLETH.BA, (Linn.) Nat. Order. 
Fricacere. Pretty North American 
shrubs, with white bell-shaped flowers, 
produced in autumn. They require peat 
soil, and are fit companions to rhododen¬ 
drons, and such shrubs, usually denomi¬ 
nated American plants. In habit they 
are generally more erect thon those just 
named, and should therefore be stationed 
behind them. They are commonly in¬ 
creased by layers, but may be struck 
under a hand-glass, or propagated from 
seed sown on a little heat. 
COLUTEA, Bladder senna (Linn.) 
Nat. Ord. Leguminosne. Very free grow¬ 
ing deciduous shrubs, with copious yel¬ 
low, orange, or scarlet flowers; adapted 
for extensive plantations, and excellent 
to fill the space beneath large trees; 
they succeed also in confined smoky dis¬ 
tricts, and are therefore suitable for 
suburban gardens. Their flowers . are 
produced through the greater part of the 
summer, and are succeeded by singular 
membraneous inflated pods, containing 
several seeds, by which increase is readily 
made, or the branches may be laid in 
autumn, and will be fit for removal iu the 
next. C. arborescens, yellow; cruenta, 
scarlet; and media, orange, are the best. 
COMPTONIA. (Banks.) Nat. Ord. 
Myricacea;. The only species, G. aspleni- 
folia, is a pretty shrub, to be admired 
chiefly for its elegant foliage; the flowers 
are brown and inconspicuous, It requires. 
