CUP 
DAP 
place wherever they can be grown. 
C. pyracantha is an admired species, 
for training against walls, where its 
bunches of bright red berries are very 
ornamental in winter. They all delight 
in rich loamy soil, which, however, must 
be well drained : they will grow anywhere 
in preference to a wet situation. Propa¬ 
gation is carried on by means of seed and 
grafting. All but the double-flowering 
kinds produce seed in abundance, this 
should be collected in autumn, and buried 
in damp sand till the following February, 
when it may be sown in beds of light 
earth. Some of the plants will come up 
in the same season, and the remainder in 
the year following. They should be trans¬ 
planted when two years old, and at four 
years are best for final removing. The 
double varieties are usually grafted in 
March, on stocks of the common haw¬ 
thorn, and may be worked at any desir¬ 
able height. Hawthorn or quickset 
hedges should be formed of two years old 
plants, as they generally remove better 
at that age ; they should be well attended 
for the first few years, and by constant 
clipping will become well filled at bottom, 
and impervious to cattle of all sorts. 
CUPRESSUS, Cypress (Linn.) Nat. 
Ord. Conifera. The travels of modern 
botanists have added much to our know¬ 
ledge of coniferous plants, and this 
genus, among others, has been consi¬ 
derably increased, both in number and 
interest; we have yet, however, to prove 
if some of the most beautiful additions 
are sufficiently robust to bear our climate. 
C. sempervirens , the common cypress,, is 
an erect growing evergreen tree, effective 
when used sparingly among others, but 
of too sombre appearance for planting in 
quantity near habitations; some ot its 
varieties are interesting in habit, as in 
the case of pendula. Cupressus torulosa 
we have found hardy in slightly sheltered 
situations, and is much more beautiful, 
and having leaves of a more lively green, 
• is admissable in ornamental grounds. 
C. tlmgioides is also, on this account, to 
be preferred to the common species. Eor 
cemeteries and churchyards they are pecu¬ 
liarly fitted. Propagation is effected by 
seeds sown in spring, on a gentle heat ; 
the plants delight in dry loamy soil, and 
require no pruning. 
CYDONIA (Jussieu.) Nat. Ord. 
Rosacea. The only species of which we 
have now to speak is the C. Japonica, 
better known, perhaps, as Pyrus Japonica , 
or Japan pear; this is a beautiful shrub, 
clothed with bright green leaves in sum¬ 
mer, and with its gaily coloured blossoms 
in early spring; the flowers of the spe¬ 
cies are bright red, and there is a variety 
with delicate rose- or blush-coloured 
flowers. It is grown either as a dwarf 
shrub or trained against a wall, in either 
manner it is much admired. A loamy 
soil appears to grow it best, nor is. it 
material whether the situation be moist 
or dry; the only certain mode of propa¬ 
gating is by layers which should be formed 
in autumn of the current year’s growth. 
CYTISUS (Linn.) Nat. Ord. Legu- 
niinosa. In this genus we have several 
esteemed shrubs and low trees indispen¬ 
sable to ornamental planting;. the com¬ 
mon and Scotch laburnum being of the 
latter class, and a numerous assemblage 
of pretty free flowering deciduous plants 
forming the first. Laburnums are uni¬ 
versally grown, for they flourish in the 
most unpromising situations, and in 
spring are amongst the most attractive 
of our trees; they are usually raised from 
seed, which is plentifully produced, and 
in good soil form flowering specimens in 
six or seven years. Upon them are some¬ 
times worked the purple flowering cy- 
tisus, and when growing together, these 
and the yellow flowers of the laburnum 
afford a striking contrast. The shrubby 
species are rapid growers and flower 
abundantly, though an objection, may be 
taken to some on account of their woolly 
leaves, which retain the dirt, so as to be¬ 
come disfigured long before the season 
for their existence is over. They grow 
well in any ordinary soil, and are easily 
increased by layers or seed. 
DAPHNE (Linn.) Nat. Ord. Thy- 
melacea. A genus of dwarf shrubs, for 
the most part evergreens, and though 
but few boast any great beauty in their 
flowers all are fragrant, and from their 
compact habit and free growth, even in 
