FAG 
GAIT 
all the species are increased by seed, 
layers, and cutting's. 
EAGTJS, Beech (Lira.) Nat. Ord. 
Corylacere. The common beech is one of 
the noblest trees we possess, as isolated 
specimens in park-lands, for avenues, or 
the composition of large masses of trees, 
it is second to few; it also forms an ex¬ 
cellent hedge for protection against bleak, 
sweeping winds, as it bears clipping, and 
may be grown to a great height without 
danger of becoming thin. The copper 
and purple beech are very striking, on 
account of the colour of their foliage, a 
judicious mingling of either giving a 
pleasing variation among other and more 
common kinds. The fern-leaved beech 
is also handsome, and, like the others, is 
among the latest both to push forth its 
leaves in spring and to lose them in 
autumn. The beech prefers a loamy soil 
resting on chalk, and once established in 
a suitable soil, grows fast, whatever the 
situation. The timber is hard, durable, 
but brittle; it is in request chiefly for 
turnery and carriage-makings The com¬ 
mon kind produces seed abundantly, and 
is thus readily iucreased; sowing is per¬ 
formed in March, and the young trees, 
when one, two, or three years old, trans¬ 
planted either in nursery rows to remain 
lor a few years, or they may be finally 
planted at the first removal; the copper 
and purple-leaved varieties are grafted 
upon the common beech in spring, the 
operation being performed in the usual 
way. 
FOTHERGILLA (Lira.) Nat. Ord. 
Hamamelacem. Very pretty shrubs, with 
ovate crenated leaves, and panicles of 
white sweet-scented flowers, produced in 
early summer. They are of North Ame¬ 
rican origin, and, like most of the plants 
from that part of the world, delight in 
peat soil. They are increased by layers 
or seeds, which require the assistance of 
a gentle heat to induce them to vegetate. 
ERANKENIA (Lira.) Nat. Ord. 
Erankeniacece. The shrubby species of 
this genus are mostly hardy, and well de¬ 
serving attention for their neat, trailing 
habit, and pretty, copious blossoms. They 
are all dwarf, and spreading in their man¬ 
ner of growth, and succeed in peat and 
loam; the most beautiful are corymbosa, 
red; liirsuta , light blue; intermedia > white; 
and Nothria , flesh-coloured; the last is 
quite procumbent, and well adapted for 
covering rockwork. They are readily 
increased bv cuttings or seeds, both 
requiring a little protection till esta¬ 
blished. 
FRAXINUS, Ash Tree (Lira.) Nat. 
Ord. Oleacece. A large, ornamental, and 
very useful genus of trees. The kinds 
usually planted are the common ash (F. 
excelsior') and its varieties, the latter are 
near a dozen in number; pendula, the 
weeping-ash, and jaspidea, on account of 
its bright vellow bark, are usual in orna- 
mental plantations. Grown for its timber, 
the ash should be planted on rich land, 
which need not be of great depth, as the 
roots spread near the surface, and if in 
an open situation, the wood will be found 
to cut close-grained aud tough; when in¬ 
tended only for poles and small stuff, the 
produce is much greater from such as are 
planted in wet land, where the trees grow 
faster, but the wood is not durable. On 
extensive farms, and other country esta¬ 
blishments, an ash-copse should always 
be provided, and if cut over every five or 
six years, or a portion of that age, season¬ 
ally, a good supply of useful material for 
agricultural and rural affairs will be se- 
cured, and the wet swampy corners of 
outlving fields and woods cannot be better 
tJ t CD t 
occupied. Propagation of most of the 
species is effected by seeds, which should 
be sown in March, on sandy loam, and 
when one year old, the plants thinned, 
the surplus being removed to nursery 
rows, and when three or four years old, 
should be finally transplanted ; those 
which do not produce seed, are increased 
by grafting upon the common ash. 
GAULTHERIA (Ivalw.) Nat. Ord. 
Erica cere. There are two North American 
species of this genus which bear our cli¬ 
mate, one of them, G. procumbens, is an 
evergreen creeper, with white blossoms; 
the other, G. Shallon, is a shrub, also 
evergreen, and having white flowers; 
these are succeeded by rather large, suc¬ 
culent, aud edible fruit; both are interest- 
