HYP 
ILE 
distributed all over the plants have a fine 
appearance. There are six varieties, with 
purple, red, white, and variegated flowers; 
the double white and purple are very 
handsome, their blossoms being nearly as 
large as those of the hollyhock. Increase 
is effected by layers, grafting one upon 
another, or by cuttings of the young- 
wood, struck under the protection of a 
handglass 
HLPPOPHiE, Sea Buckthorn (Linn.) 
Nat. Order Meagnece. Ornamen¬ 
tal trees of limited growth and rigid 
habit, with small oblong leaves and 
spines on the branches. H. rhamnoides 
and its varieties bear a great number of 
bright yellow berries, which, when ripe, 
have an agreeable acid flavour; from 
these, or from layers, the plants are in¬ 
creased; they succeed in any soil, and 
thrive in the most exposed situations. 
HYDRANGEA (Linn.) Nat. Ord. 
Saxifragacece. These plants, though 
commonly cultivated in pots, and pro¬ 
tected, are all hardy, thriving best in rich 
earth of a holding nature; there are 
seven species, five of which have white 
flowers. The well-known II. hortensis 
has pink flowers, though by art they are 
occasionally changed to blue; those of the 
more recent species, II. japonica , are 
lilac. When treated as hardy plants they 
should be stationed in good soil, and 
allowed to grow unrestrained, the flowers 
being produced in terminal heads, it fol¬ 
lows that all pruning has the effect of 
reducing the number of such heads, and 
therefore should not be indulged in; the 
suckers annually produced from the base 
of the plant will always be sufficient to 
keep the bottom part clothed with foli¬ 
age, and, when so treated, they become, 
in a few years, handsome objects, of a 
regular semicircular form. Propagation 
is easy by cuttings taken off in summer, 
and struck in the shade beneath a hand¬ 
glass. 
HYPERICUM, St. John's Wort 
(Linn.) Nat. Ord. Hyperiacere. The 
hardy portion of this genus contains 
several handsome low shrubs with dark- 
green glossy leaves and bright yellow 
flowers, filled with golden thread-like 
stamens. They are all free-growing 
plants, thriving in any soil, and under 
the drip of trees, which renders them 
well suited for filling spaces in shrub¬ 
beries, where their numerous brilliant 
flowers enliven the otherwise sombre 
lues which surround them. They are 
readily increased by layers or division of 
the suckers, which usually rise in abun¬ 
dance. 
IBERIS, Candytuft (Linn.) Nat. 
Ord. Crucifer re. Part of this genus is 
composed of pretty dwarf evergreen 
shrubs, having umbels of white or purple 
Towers very freely produced ; they grow 
in any good garden soil, and are increased 
Ty cuttings. The best of the shrubby 
duds are cor folia, Garrexiana , pubescens, 
saxatilis, and semperflorens. 
ILEX, Holly (Linn.) Nat. Order 
Aquifoliacece. The common Holly, I. 
aquifolium , is a well-known and much 
admired evergreen shrub, assuming the 
character of a low tree in age, exten¬ 
sively employed in every out-door posi¬ 
tion connected with a garden; it is alike 
valuable in the shrubbery as a boundary 
hedge, or as an ornamental object stand¬ 
ing alone. It has a wide geographical 
range, being found in nearly every 
European country, in Japan, Cochin 
China, and most parts of North America; 
it grows freely in rather dry situations, 
and if the soil is a deep loam well drained 
its progress is most rapid. As a hedge 
plant it is unrivalled for permanency and 
shelter, though more time is required to 
grow it than some other plants, which 
consequently supersede it. There are 
many varieties of it obtained by cultiva¬ 
tion, and distinguished by differences in 
the colour, size, or margin of the leaves, 
among which the white and yellow 
striped or variegated kinds, the smooth¬ 
leaved, the yellow-berried, and the very 
rough, or hedgehog holly, are most con¬ 
spicuous ; all of these are very desirable 
in ornamental grounds, and being mode¬ 
rate growers do not often outrun their 
space; like the common green, they 
require a dry soil, or at least a position 
in which stagnant moisture cannot accu¬ 
mulate ; they are increased usually by 
grafting on the parent species, though 
