1TE 
JUN 
cuttings may be struck witli care, and 
some of them are reproduced from seed; 
usually, however, seed of all the varieties 
returns to the normal character. There 
are three,or four other species of holly 
capable of bearing our climate, not com¬ 
monly grown because perhaps less orna¬ 
mental ; they are laxijlora, a deciduous 
tree from Carolina; opaca, an evergreen, 
with much of the habit of the common 
kind, from the same country; canadensis , 
a dwarf evergreen shrub from North 
America; and Prinoides , a partially deci¬ 
duous under shrub, not attaining more 
than two feet in stature ; besides which 
there are several requiring protection I 
with us, such as Dahoon , vomitoria, and 
others, that are sometimes injured by 
severe frosts; many of them, however, 
succeed when planted at the foot of _ a 
wall, or where they may be covered in 
case of excessive cold; such as these are 
still rare plants, their hardier brethren 
receiving the most attention, because 
more certain to become ornamental. In 
raising hollies from seed, the best course 
is to gather the berries in autumn, and 
throwing them into heaps with about an 
equal measure of damp sand, after being^ 
turned a few times the pulpy coating of 
the seed is removed, when it may be 
sown in drills, or reserved till the spring; 
it is seldom any number vegetate till the 
second year after sowing, and some not 
till the" third, and in their subsequent 
management the young plants should be 
annually removed in order to increase 
the number of fibres, for naturally they 
have but few roots, and those descending. 
October and April are the best months 
for transplanting and pruning hollies, 
and, as a rule, none should be finally i 
stationed till they have been removed at 
least three or fonr times, especially if 
o-oing into soil that is but shallow. 
ITEA (Linn.) Nat. Order Escallo- 
niacece. A rather interesting North 
American shrub, with white flowers pro¬ 
duced on an erect spike somewhat 
pubescent, and willow-like leaves; it is 
of rapid growth in sandy soil, partaking 
either of loam or peat. Increased by 
layers. 
JUNIPERUS, Juniper (Linn.) Nat. 
Ord. Coniferce. The common juniper is 
an European tree found in all kinds of 
situations, from the exposed sides of 
bleak mountain districts to the depths of 
the closest forest; in valleys, and shel¬ 
tered places, its appearance is that of a 
tree, while on the tops of mountains it 
is a stunted shrub. It is esteemed in 
Germany, Holland, and Italy for its 
berries, whence great quantities are im¬ 
ported, and used in the manufacture of 
gin. Besides the juniper commonly so 
called, the genus contains several other 
favorite evergreen shrubs and low trees, 
among which are the red cedar and 
savin. The first is a very handsome ob- 
ject, attaining a considerable height, 
and clothed with small, rigid, deep-green 
leaves, the young shoots tinged with 
red. The savin in our climate is gene¬ 
rally a procumbent, or low shrub ; there 
are several varieties of both, distinguished 
by some peculiarity in their manner of 
growing or form of their foliage; so also 
of the common juniper; our nurseries 
contain six or seven varieties, amons the 
most beautiful of which are pendula , 
canadensis , cracovia, and nana. Those 
we prefer of /. virginiana , or red cedar, 
are, pendula and variegata, the striped 
foliage of which is very pleasing. Of 
J. Sabina , or savin, the most remarkable 
are 'prostrata and variegata , either of 
which, from their decumbent habit, have 
a fine effect on or near masses of stone 
or rockwork. Among other species of 
juniper commonly grown, such as excelsa, 
recurva , dmpacea , Oxycedrus , and chi- 
nensis are most deserving adoption, as 
beiug distinct one from another, and 
handsome objects either for grouping 
with other coniferce, or to stand singly. 
Some of the species of more recent in¬ 
troduction are eminently deserving no¬ 
tice, particularly such as tetragona, 
Whitmanniana, Upcleana , Bedfordiana , 
and religiosa; these are all handsome, 
and either in the pinetum, or judiciously 
dispersed on extensive lawns, are very 
effective. As regards planting this tribe, 
the remarks applied to the genus cedrus 
may be repeated; they should not be 
stationed very near habit ations, or among 
