PHA 
PIN 
flowering trees or shrubs, with more or 
less of the character of the horse-chesnut, 
on which they are commonly grafted to 
obtain an increase. Seeds are sometimes 
produced, which should be sown inMareh; 
and the smaller kinds may be propagated 
by laying. 
PHALEROCARPUS (G. Don.) Nat. 
Order Ericaceae. A pretty little trailing 
plant, with white flowers, succeeded by 
white berries; it should be planted in 
peat, and thrives best in a damp situa¬ 
tion. Increased by layers and, occasion¬ 
ally, by seed. 
PHILADELPHUS, Syringa (Linn.) 
Nat. Order, Philadelphacene. A rather 
extensive and very desirable genus of 
deciduous shrubs, which grow freely in 
common soil, and in almost any position, 
displaying their richly-scented white 
blossoms in May and June, the perfume 
of which resembles that of orange blos¬ 
soms, but is stronger. P. coronarius is 
common in- all shrubberies; some of its 
varieties are well deserving attention, 
especially the double flowering kind, and 
also that with variegated leaves, Gordo- 
nianus, grandiflorus , speciosus, and Zeg- 
heri are all beautiful species, and have 
the advantage of incurring no trouble in 
their management. They are all readily 
increased by division of the suckers, 
which in most spring up abundantly, 
and where they are absent the branches 
may be laid, and strike root freely. 
PHILLYREA (Linn.) Nat. Order, 
Oleacece. Useful evergreens, with small, 
deep green leaves and neat habit of 
growth; they are indispensable in form¬ 
ing masses of shrubs, as they continue in 
order longer than most other plants of 
the same kind. Light loamy soil suits 
them best, but they are not very particu¬ 
lar in this respect, nor do they refuse to 
grow where planted ever so thickly, so 
that they are not subject to the drip of 
large trees. The best mode of propagat¬ 
ing them is to lay them, though cuttings 
strike freely, but are a long time form¬ 
ing plants. 
PHOTINIA (Linivley.) Nat. Order, 
Rosacea. The members of this genus are 
very handsome evergreen shrubs, with 
bright green shining foliage, and beauti¬ 
ful white blossoms. In the warmer 
counties of the kingdom they stand with¬ 
out protection wherever the ground is 
well drained and the situation airy; in damp 
cold places they should be planted against 
a wall, and covered in winter with mats. 
P, serrulata is the hardiest, nor are the 
others more tender than magnolias and 
such plants. They succeed best in peat 
soil, or peat and loam, if there is danger 
of their suffering from drought in sum¬ 
mer. Propagation is managed by strik¬ 
ing ripened cuttings in sand, under a 
glass, or by grafting or inarching upon 
any species of pyrus or cratagus. 
PICEA (D. Don.) Nat. Order, Coni¬ 
fer a. This is a section of the genus 
Pinus, containing the following species : 
amabilis, balsamea, Fraseri, grandis, no- 
bilis, pedinata, the type of the section, 
previously called Pinus picea, Pichta , 
Pindrow, Pinsapo, and Webbiana. They 
are generally distinguished from Pinus 
by a more vigorous habit and a greater 
abundance of resin. In a cultural sense 
they may be referred to that genus, and 
indeed their separation, in a botanical 
view, is objected to by some systematists. 
PINUS, Pine (Linn.) Nat. Order, 
Conifer a. This is at the same time one 
of the most important and ornamental 
genera of the order to which it belongs; 
the members of it are noble evergreen 
trees, bold and picturesque in outline, so 
hardy as to prefer the most exposed situ¬ 
ations, and most valuable as timber trees; 
the majority are natives of the colder 
regions of Europe and North America, 
inhabiting, in general, the mountainous 
districts ; the Alps of the former and the 
Rocky Mountains of the latter being 
clothed with these and other trees of the 
same family. Pinus sylvestris , the Scotch 
pine, or, as it is more commonly, 
though erroneously, called, the Scotch 
fir, is one of the most useful timber trees 
we possess, or that is known; immense 
quantities are imported from Russia, 
Sweden, and Norway, under the name of 
red or yellow deals. There are several 
varieties, differing considerably both in 
appearance and quality; that which pro¬ 
duces the most durable timber is called 
P. sylvestris montana , and is readily dis¬ 
tinguished by the horizontal direction of 
the branches, and their inclination down- 
