TIL 
TIL 
difference in the price of labour here 
and in Russia, enables the latter country 
to send them to us at a less cost than we 
could make them for. The flowers are 
highly odoriferous, and together with a 
sugary excrescence which forms on the 
leaves and young wood, is eagerly sought 
by bees; the honey thus procured is 
reckoned the finest, and hence the high 
value of Lithuanian honey, where the 
tree abounds. The lime tree grows in 
almost all kinds of soil, though it prefers 
a deep and rather moist loam; when 
grown for profit, which it yields largely 
as charcoal, it should be planted along 
with elder on the banks of streams, or 
when the ground is naturally damp, 
though not inundated, here its progress is 
most rapid, and a considerable bulk of 
useful wood results in a few years. Lor 
ornamental purposes the soil is of the 
least consequence, for limes will live and 
thrive even on a bed of gravel, their 
growth being in such positions more re¬ 
stricted, as a matter of course, but this 
is of little consequence generally, as they 
have always an ample clothing of leaves, 
and it may happen that the almost im¬ 
perceptible degree of dwarfing which 
results, is to be regarded as an advantage 
rather than otherwise. They are pro¬ 
pagated either by layers or from seed: 
the latter forms the best plants, though 
the first is the most usual method. The 
seed should be sown in beds of light 
loamy soil, taking care to cover very 
lightly, and for the first two years they 
only require to be kept clear of weeds. 
The stools from which layers are obtained, 
are trees of rather large size, cut down 
almost to the ground, from the roots of 
which numerous branches spring up, and 
these in the autumn are laid with a 
tongue into the ground around, and by 
the following autumn, form plants fit for 
removal, of about the size of two years’ 
old seedlings, with which they are after¬ 
wards to be associated. Early in October 
they are each to be taken up, and after 
trimming the roots and removing any side 
shoots that may have been formed, they 
are planted in nursery rows nine inches 
apart, and eighteen inches between the 
rows : here they may be kept a couple of 
years longer, continuing to remove the 
lateral growths as they are formed, till 
the young trees have reached the required 
height, when they may be allowed to 
throw out branches to form a head; this 
usually happens about the expiration of 
the period last mentioned, and to afford 
them room, they should again be trans¬ 
planted, allowing them double the space 
previously occupied; and after a further 
growth of two years, with the same at¬ 
tention to the removal of irregular shoots 
and proper training of the stem to ensure 
a straight and clear trunk, they will be 
fit for final planting, which should be 
done in October if possible, or if not then, 
early in March. At each transplanting 
the roots may be closely pruned in, 
taking off the points of even the small 
ones, and, at the last remove, the branches 
also must be well shortened; the stem 
has then to be securely fastened to stakes, 
and as the tree does not form any con¬ 
siderable spread of roots, these supports 
must be continued for two or three years, 
or there will be danger of their being 
blown down. 
The usually received number of species 
is three:—They are alba, or, as it was 
originally called, argentea, a native ol 
Hungary, whence it was introduced in 
1767 ; this is readily distinguished by 
the snow-white colour of the under side 
of its leaves. The second species is 
Americana, or Canadensis as previously 
named; and of this there are four varieties 
which were formerly considered distinct 
species : they are lieterophylla, with 
ovate downy leaves ; laxiflora, with long 
flower stalks; jmbescens , having sub- 
cordate leaves, truncate at the base, and 
downy beneath ; pub. leptophylla, a sub- 
variety, with very thin leaves, having a 
few deeply-indented serratures: all of 
these are natives of North America, and 
the last two are the smallest of the genus, 
as they do not attain more than twenty 
feet in height. The third species is 
Uuropcea, an indigenous tree, common in 
the woods of the midland counties, of 
which there are as many as seven varie¬ 
ties, all natives of Britain, and for the 
most part of spontaneous production; 
the first aurea is distinguished by the 
