P.J.BERCKMANS CO: 
bacco water, using four ounces of tobacco-stems to 
■one gallon of boiling water; strain the solution and add 
four ounces of soft soap while it is still hot; stir well 
to dissolve the soap. 
Black Leaf Forty can be used, as recommended, for 
Oreen or Black Aphis. 
Black Spot— This is a fungus disease. All diseased 
leaves should be removed from the plant, and those on 
the ground raked up and burned. Spray the plants with 
same strength of Bordeaux as recommended for mildew. 
Leaf Hopper— Spray with insect powder, tobacco de¬ 
coction or kerosene emulsion. 
Mildew— This is caused by extremes of heat and 
cold, or by a continuance of damp, cold weather. Sprin¬ 
kle the plants with water, and dust them with soot, or 
spray with Bordeaux Mixture (3-9-50), taking care to 
reach the under side of the leaves as well as the upper; 
also spray the ground around the plants. 
Slugs — Spray with hellebore or insect powder. 
Thrips and Other Insects— Same treatment as for 
Aphis. 
SHADE TREES. 
Leaf Eating Insects — Spray with two pounds of ar¬ 
senate of lead, three pounds of lime to each fifty gal 
Ions of water. 
San Jose Scale — Same treatment as recommended for 
Apples. 
West India Scale— When trees are dormant use lime- 
sulphur solution as a spray, mixed one gallon to eight 
of water. During the growing season use Schnarr’s In 
secticide, mixed 1 V 2 gallons to 100 gallons of water. 
WALNUTS. 
See under head of Japanese Persimmons, Walnuts ami 
Pecans. 
Fungicide and Insecticide Solutions and Formulae 
Arsenate of Lead can be used as a substitute for paris 
green and london purple. It can be used much stronger 
with less danger of injury to plants. Two pounds to 
fifty gallons of water give good results against most 
biting insects. As a safeguard against injury to the 
foliage, add three pounds of lime. 
Atomic Sulphur (Thompson’s) — The best preventive 
against Brown Rot in Apples, Peaches, Plums and other 
fruits. 
Bordeaux Mixture — Copper Sulphate. 4 pounds; quick¬ 
lime. 6 pounds; water, 50 gallons. Dissolve the copper 
sulphate by putting it in a bag and hanging if in a 
wooden or earthen vessel holding 25 gallons; slake the 
limo gradually and add water until vou have 25 gallons. 
The copper sulphate mixture and lime should then he 
poured into the pump so that the two streams will mix 
thoroughly as they fall. Bordeaux Mixture will not 
keep more than twenty-four hours. Remember this. 
Copper Sulphate Solution— Dissolve 1 pound of cop¬ 
per sulphate i?i 15 gallons of water. Do not apply this 
solution to foliage; it must be used before buds break 
on grape vines and peach trees. For the latter, use 25 
gallons of water. 
Kerosene Emulsion One-half pound of soap dissolved 
in 1 gallon of water; add to this, while hot, 2 gallons of 
kerosene. (The boiling soap solution should be removed 
from the fire before the kerosene is added.) Churn 
violently with a spray pump or garden syringe until 
the mass becomes of the consistency of butter. Dilute 
the above mixture with from 9 to 15 parts of water 
when using, so that it will not be stronger than 1 part 
of oil to 9 to 15 parts of water. Sour milk may be 
used instead of soap. 
Larkin’s Sulpho-Tobacco Soap is a universal insecti¬ 
cide. A safe and sure exterminator of all kinds of in¬ 
sects and vermin on plants, shrubbery, vines, small 
fruits and trees. The soap is no.‘.-poisonous and ab¬ 
solutely safe to handle. It will not injure the ten- 
derest growth. 
Lemon Oil — Plants should be dipped in a solution of 
suitable strength. While it kills all scale insects, it is 
not injurious to the most tender plants. 
Lime-Sulphur Solution—Lime unslaked, 20 pounds; 
sulphur, ground 16 pounds, water to make 50 gallons. 
Place 8 to 10 gallons of water in an iron kettle over a 
fire, and when it reaches the boiling point, add the sul¬ 
phur and mix thoroughly; then add the lime, which will 
immediately produce a violent boiling. From time to 
time add a small quantity of water as needed to prevent 
boiling over or burning. The sulphur gradually goes 
into solution, and the mixture, at first thick and pastv, 
becomes thinner and thinner, changing in color through 
several shades of yellow. After boiling at least one and 
a half hours, the mixture should he diluted to the proper 
amount by the addition of sufficient hot water. If a 
suitable boiler is not convenient, the mixture may h ■ 
more economically cooked in barrels or tanks by the 
use of steam. 
Thomsen Chemical Company’s Lime-Sulphur Solution 
is recommended for the treatment of the San Jose scale, 
as the lime-sulphur treatment is superior in many ways 
to the other remedies. Write us for prices. 
Naphtha Soap and Nicotic’de—One ounce of soap and 
one-quarter ounce of Nieotieide to each gallon of water. 
It is advisable to have the water at 100 degrees Fah¬ 
renheit. This is an excellent spray for red spider. 
Paris Green— Actively poisonous. Add 4 ounces of 
Paris green. 1 pound of fresh lime, to 50 gallons of 
water. Paris green and Bordeaux Mixture may be ap¬ 
plied together without the action of either being weak¬ 
ened. 
Pyrethrum—One ounce of the “Bubach” powder 
added to 2 gallons of cold water, for any plant used for 
food, as this is non-poisonous. 
Scalecide — One per cent solution of scalecide or 1 
per cent prepared lime-sulphur solution will eradicate 
red spider. 
Tobacco, 1 pound; boiling water, 2 gallons; strain 
when cool. It is very effective when used as a spray 
against flea beetles, aphides (plant lice). 
White Hellebore, 1 ounce; water, 3 gallons. Effect 
ive as a spray for rose slugs. 
SPRAYING. 
We cannot he too emphatic in impressing on the hor¬ 
ticulturist to spray his fruit trees and grape vines if he 
desires good fruit. Follow directions carefully. Experi¬ 
ments frequently result disastrously. Careless spraying 
will result in loss of fruit and sometimes the trees. 
Every fruit grower should purchase a spraying appara¬ 
tus; it can now he had for a small sum. Be careful in 
keeping your solution continually stirred. The best 
time for spraying is late in the afternoon or during 
cloudy weather, except with kerosene emulsion; this 
should he used on bright, shiny days. 
Other scale insects, of which there are several species, 
such as cherry scale, pecan scale, obscure scale on 
shade trees, can be controlled during the winter months 
by the use of lime-sulphur or soluble oil, or during sum 
mer months by spraying with kerosene emulsion or 
sulpho-tobacco soap. 
NOTE.—If your trees are infested with any insects 
or fungous diseases, send infested portion to your Expe¬ 
riment Station, your State Entomologist, or the United 
State Entomologist at Washington, D. 0. 
G 
