gallon of coal-tar, fifty gallons of water. Mix tar and 
sulphur in ten gallons of water and add lime. Stir well 
while slaking. When it is entirely slaked, dilute the 
above to fifty gallons, and apply this wash to the tree, 
allowing it to run well down upon the roots. As soon 
as it is applied, draw up the earth to the tree so that 
it will form a cone about six inches above the level. A 
second application of this wash should be made during 
August. During the last of October, remove the mound 
of earth from around the tree and thoroughly scrape the 
bark as in the spring and give another application of 
the wash. This is vigorous treatment, but it is effective 
in nearly all cases. 
Curculio ( Conolrachleus nenuphar ). To prevent the 
depredation of this pest, see remedial measures under 
head of “Brown Rot” below. 
San Jose Scale ( Aspidiotus perniciosus). This 
attacks peach, pear, apple, quince, cherry, raspberry, 
rose and a number of other trees and shrubs. For winter 
treatment, we would recommend spraying with lime- 
sulphur solution. Spray in December and again late 
in February or early March if the orchard is badly 
infested. For summer treatment would suggest spray¬ 
ing with kerosene emulsion, one part of emulsion to 
five of water, or use the regular strength of lime-sulphur 
solution, applying this with a brush to the trunks and 
larger limbs only. None of this mixture should be put 
on the foliage or young growth. 
Othei Scale Insects, of which there are several 
species, which are more or less destructive to fruit or 
other trees, can be eradicated by the use of kerosene 
emulsion, whale-oil soap or Larkin’s Sulpho-Tobacco 
Soap. 
Note.— If your trees are infected with any insects or 
fungous diseases, send infected portion to your Experi¬ 
ment Station, your 1 State Entomologist, or the United 
States Entomologist, at Washington, D. C. 
‘Dangerous Ft 
Apple Tree Blight may be treated similarly as for 
pears, but fewer applications are required. 
Black Rot in Grapes. Spray with copper sulphate 
solution in spring before buds swell. When leaves ap¬ 
pear, spray with bordeaux; repeat twice at intervals of 
ten to fourteen days. Dusting with flowers of sulphur as 
soon as the fruit is set, and repeating every ten days 
until it colors, is advisable for mildew, but if bordeaux 
mixture is used early it will lessen the appearance of the 
latter. 
Black Knot in Plums. Cut off the affected branches 
below affected parts, and burn to prevent its spreading. 
Spray with bordeaux mixture. 
Brown Rot on Peaches, Plums and Nectarines. 
Brown Rot and Curculio work together; therefore the 
following treatment is recommended for both: 
Apply the first spraying about the time the calyces 
are shedding, using two pounds of arsenate of lead, 
three pounds of lime to fifty gallons of water. Apply 
the second spraying three weeks later, using the self- 
boiled lime-and-sulphur and arsenate of lead. Prepare 
as follows: Eight pounds of lime, eight pounds of sul¬ 
phur and two pounds of arsenate of lead to fifty gallons 
of water. Make the sulphur into a thin paste, and then 
add the lime to the sulphur-paste mass, and add water 
from time to time as the lime slakes, in order to keep the 
mixture from becoming too thick to stir well. The 
boiling process should be permitted to continue until 
the lime is all slaked, which will be fifteen or twenty 
minutes, when it should be checked by the addition of 
cold water. The arsenate of lead should be rubbed into 
a thin paste by adding water slowly while stirring with 
a paddle until it is worked into a thin, sloppy paste, 
and should be added to the diluted lime-sulphur solu¬ 
tion the last thing before spraying. 
Make the third application about four weeks after 
the second, using the self-boiled lime-sulphur without 
the arsenate of lead. If the curculio is very numerous 
and the foliage shows no injury from the second pre¬ 
vious application, arsenate of lead may be added to 
JAPANESE PERSIMMONS, WALNUTS AND 
PECANS 
Borer (Prionus). These bore through the roots and 
usually destroy the tree; and must be carefully re¬ 
moved. Carefully examine collar of tree in winter and 
midsummer, and apply lime-and-sulphur wash. 
Caterpillar {Catocala mcestcsa). Feeds on the leaves 
of pecans, and is sometimes quite injurious; spray with 
paris green four ounces, lime one pound, to fifty gal¬ 
lons of water. 
Pecan Bud Worm ( Proteopteryx deludana). Spray 
the trees just as the buds are opening, with arsenate of 
lead, three pounds to fifty gallons of water, and repeat 
application ten days later. If the worms appear again 
in June or July, repeat the treatment. This will also 
help control the pecan case borer. 
Twig Girdlers ( Oncideres cingulatus). All limbs that 
have been girdled and have fallen must be burned at 
once, thus destroying all future broods of sawyers. 
GRAPE-VINES 
Borer (Prionus). Its presence is manifested by the 
unhealthy appearance of the vine. Search must be 
made at the roots and the grub destroyed. 
Flea Beetle ( Haltica chalybea). Dust leaves with 
dry lime. 
Grape Curculio ( Coeliodes inoequalis). Paris green 
or arsenate of lead solution as a spray, as soon as fruit 
is set. 
Leaf Hopper ( Erylhroneura vitis). Pass with a 
torch between the rows in the evening. Shake the 
vines, thus causing the insects to fly into the flame. 
Leaf Folder ( Desmia funeralis). Kerosene emulsion 
or paris green, or arsenate of lead as a spray. 
Phylloxera. Various insecticides are recommended, 
but must be applied below the ground with the aid of 
‘specially constructed apparatus. 
igous ^Diseases 
the self-boiled lime-sulphur at the third spraying. 
Three applications of the above spray will give best 
results. 
Peach and Plum Rosette. Root up and burn the 
affected tree as soon as the disease is observed. 
Peach Leaf Curl ( Exoascus deformans). Spray with 
bordeaux (4-6-50) during late fall or at least one month 
before the fruit-buds open; when trees are thoroughly 
covered, only one application is necessary to prevent 
this disease. Recent experiments indicate that fall 
spraying will control leaf curl as well as early spring 
treatment, if the trees are well coated. If spraying has 
not been done and the disease appears, continuous culti¬ 
vation and the application of nitrogenous manures will 
throw off the diseased leaves and save the fruit crop. 
In case of San Jose scale in the same orchard, the lime- 
and-sulphur solution may be used effectively against 
both scale and leaf curl at one spraying. We recom¬ 
mend spraying with lime-and-sulphur as late as pos¬ 
sible, and pruning out disease persistently when it 
occurs. 
Pear Blight. The following preventive measures 
are recommended: As buds are swelling, spray with 
home-made lime-sulphur solution as blossoms fall. 
Bordeaux mixture (3-9-50) and arsenites; eight to 
twelve days later repeat application, and use bordeaux 
mixture ten to fourteen days later, and again ten to 
fourteen days later, if necessary. If blight has occurred, 
cut off and burn all affected limbs to prevent spreading. 
During winter, carefully remove all blighted twigs, and 
pay particular attention to removing all blight occur¬ 
ring in main limbs or branches. Send for bulletin on 
“Control of Pear Blight,” which can be secured from 
the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C., or 
from the State Board of Entomology, Atlanta, Ga. 
Disinfect the pruning shears. 
Rust on Raspberries and Blackberries. Spray 
with copper sulphate solution before buds break. Use 
bordeaux mixture if rust appears in spring or summer. 
4 
