General Information 
3 
PEACHES AND PLUMS 
Cnrculio ( Conotrachclos nenuphar). Spray the trees before 
the blossoms open with a solution of Paris green, 4 ounces to 50 
gallons of water. Use Bordeaux with Paris green when the blossoms 
have fallen. Ten days later Bordeaux and Paris green. If Peach and 
Plum trees arc in foliage, use 3 pounds copper solution, 6 pounds 
lime, and 50 gallon of water; a stronger mixture will burn the foli¬ 
age. Then follow with a large hopper, made of sheeting, and having 
a spread of 10 to 1$ ft., having a slit in same so that the tree can be 
encircled; give the trunk a quick blow with a padded club; this 
causes the curculio to fall. Dump the insects into a j?r of kerosene. 
Jarring should be done daily, early in the morning and late in the 
evening, before the insects begin to fly. Continue the jarring until 
the orchard is rid of the insects 
Peach Tree Borer {Sanninoidea Exitiosa). During November 
or December, scrape the earth from the collar of the roots, carefully 
examine the bark for larvae or grubs; apply a wash of lime and sul¬ 
phur. Early in February apply a handful of unlcached ashes, and 
earth up the tree, forming a cone of 6 inches above the surface. 
San Jos 6 Scale ( Aspidiotus Pemiciosus). This attacks peach, 
pear, apple, quince, cherry, walnut, raspberry, rose and a number of 
other trees and shrubs. For winter wash use 20 per cent kerosene in 
a mechanical mixture with water; (Gould or Deming Pump) thoroughly 
spray the trees in the fall as soon as the leaves have fallen. Repeat 
in the spring, just before the fruit buds open. Select bright, clear 
days for spraying. When a kerosene sprayer is not a: hand, use z 
pounds of whale-oil soap to 1 gallon of hot water; spray while the 
solution is warm. When trees are in foliage spray with kerosene 
emulsion, one part i>f emulsion to five of water, or 15 per cent kero¬ 
sene in mechanical mixture. 
Other Scale Insects, Of which there are several species, which 
arc more or less destructive to fruit and other trees. Kerosene emul¬ 
sion, whale-oil soap and kerosene in a mechanical sprayer will eradi¬ 
cate them. 
If your trees arc infested with any insects or fungous diseases, send 
infected portion to your experimental station, your State Entomologist, 
or U. S. Entomologist, at Washington, D. C. 
JAPANESE PERSIMMONS, WALNUTS AND 
PECANS 
Twig Girdler ( Oncideres cingulatus). All limbs that have 
been girdled and have fallen must be burned at once, thus destroying 
prospective broods of sawyers. 
Borer ( Prionus ). These bore th • ough the roots, and usually 
destroy the tree; must be carefully removed. Carefully examine col¬ 
lar of tree in winter and midsummer, and apply lime and sulphur 
wash. 
Catocala Caterpillar ( Catocala maestosa). This insect feeds 
on the leaves of pecans and is sometimes quite injurious; spray with 
Paris green, 4 ounces to 50 gallons of water. 
GRAPE VINES 
Phylloxera. Various insecticides are recommended, but must be 
applied below the ground with the aid of specially constructed 
apparatus. 
Leaf Hopper (Erythroneura vitis ). Passing with a torch be¬ 
tween the rows, in the evening, and shaking the vines to disturb the 
insects. 
Leaf Folder ( Desmia maculatis) . Kerosene emulsion or London 
purple as a spray. 
Borer (Prtonus). Its presence is manifested by the unhealthy 
appearance of the vine. Search must be made at the roots, and the 
grub destroyed. 
Flee Beetle ( Haltica cha/ybea). Dust leaves with dry lime. 
Grape Curculio (Cathodes inatqualis). London purple solu¬ 
tion as a spray, as soon as fruit is set. 
STRAWBERRIES 
Beetle (Haltica ignita) . Dust leaves with dry lime. 
FUNGOUS DISEASES 
Pear Blight. The following preventive measures are recom¬ 
mended : As buds arc swelling, spray with copper sulphate solution; 
as blossoms open, spray with Bordeaux mixture (4-5-50); as blossoms 
fall, Bordeaux mixture and arscnitics; 8 to 12 days later, repeat appli¬ 
cation, and use Bordeaux mixture 10 to 14 days later, and again 10 to 
>4 days later, if necessary. If blight has occurred, cut off and burn 
all affected limbs, to prevent spreading. 
Apple Tree Blight. May be treated similarly as for pears, but 
fewer applications are required. 
Black Rot in Grapes. Spray with copper sulphate solution in 
spring before buds swell. When leaves appear, spray with Bordeaux; 
repeat twice at intervals of 10 to 14 days. Dusting with flowers of 
sulphur as soon as fruit is set. and repeated every 10 days until color¬ 
ing, is advisable for mildnv, but if Bordeaux mixture is used early it 
will lessen the appearance of the latter. 
Black Knot in Plums. Cut off the affected branches below 
affected parts, and burn, to prevent its spreading. Spray with Bor r 
deaux mixture. 
Rot on Peaches, Plums and Nectarines. Spray with copper 
sulphate before buds swell, and with Bordeaux before flowers open, 
and again with Bordeaux when fruit is well set. Repeat this at in¬ 
tervals of 10 to 14 days. Dusting with flowers of sulphur when fruit 
is half grown, and repeated every 10 to 14 days, is advisable if 
Bordeaux mixture is not used. 
Rust on Raspberries ana Blackberries. Spray with copper 
sulphate solution before buds break. Use Bordeaux mixture if rust 
appears in spring or summer. 
Peach and Plum Rosette. Root up and burn the affected trees 
as soon as the disease is observed. 
Peach Leaf Curl (Exoasca deformans). Spray with Bordeaux 
just before the fruit buds open; only one application is necessary to 
prevent this disease. If spraying has not been done and the disease 
appears, continuous cultivation and the application of nitrogenous 
manures will throw off the diseased leaves, and save the proper fruit. 
FUNGICIDE AND INSECTICIDE SOLU¬ 
TIONS AND FORMULAS 
Tobacco, 1 pound; boiling water, ? gallons; strain when cool. 
Very effective when used as a spray against flea beetles, lice, aphides 
(plant lice). 
Quassia Chips, I pound; boiling water, 5 gallons. This very 
bitter solution is good for prevention rather than cure. Apply as a 
spray to rose bushes, and to kill plant lice. 
Pyrethrum. I ounce of the n Buhach ” powder, added to 2 gal¬ 
lons of cold water, on any plant used for food, as this is not poisonous. 
Bordeaux Mixture. Copper sulphate, 4 pounds; quick lime, 6 
pounds; water, 50 gallons. Dissolve the copper sulphate by putting 
it in a bag and hanging it in a wooden or earthen vessel holding at 
least 4 gallons; slake the lime in an equal quantity of water. Mix, 
and add sufficient quantity of water to make 50 gallons. It is then 
ready for use, but will not keep more than 24 hours. 
Copper Sulphate Solution. Dissolve 1 pound of copper sul¬ 
phate in 15 gallons of water. Do not apply this solution to foliage ; it 
must be used before buds break on grape and peach trees, For the 
latter, use 25 gallons of water. 
Paris Green. Actively poisonous. Add 4 ounces to 50 gallons of 
water. If used upon peach trees, add 1 pound of quick lime, other¬ 
wise it will injure the foliage. Paris green and Bordeaux mixture 
may be applied together without the action of either being weakened. 
London Purple. Use same proportions as for Paris green, but, 
being very caustic, it should be applied with the lime. Not suited for 
plum or peach trees, and only for insects that chew. 
Kerosene Emulsion. One-half pound of soap dissolved in 1 
gallon of water; add to this, while hot, 2 gallons of kerosene. Churn 
violently with a spray pump or garden syringe until the mass becomes 
of the consistency of butter. Dilute the above mixture with from 9 to 
15 parts of water when using, so that it will not be stronger than 1 
part of oil to 9 to 15 of water. Sour milk may be used instead of soap. 
White Hellebore, t ounce ; water j gallons. Effective as a spray 
for rose slugs. 
Powders. With 50 pounds of 1 and plaster mix 1 pint of crude 
carbolic acid. Sprinkle over vines for beetles and aphides. 
Lemon Oil. We have found this an invaluable insecticide for all 
plants grown in greenhouse or in pots. Plants should be dipped in a 
solution of suitable strength. While it kills all scale insects, it is not 
injurious to the most tender plants. 
SPRAYING 
We cannot be too emphatic in impressing on the horticulturist to 
spray his.fruit trees and grape vines if he desires good fruit. Follow 
directions carefully. Experiments frequently result disastrously. 
Careless spraying will result in loss of fruit, and sometimes the trees. 
Every fruit-grower should purchase a spraying apparatus; they can 
now be had for a small sum. Be careful in keeping your solutions 
continually stirred. The best time for spraying is late in the afternoon 
or during cloudy weather, except with kerosene; this should be used 
on bright sunshiny days. 
A VALUABLE BOOK 
FUNGI AND FUNGICIDES. By Prof. Clarence M. Weed. A practical manual concerning the 
fungous diseases of cultivated plants, and the means of preventing their ravages. The author has endeavored 
to give such a concise account of the most important facts relating to these as will enable the cultivator to com¬ 
bat them intelligently. 222 pp., 90 ill., i2mo. Paper, 50 cts.; cloth, $1. 
