r 
FRU-ITL<AND. NUR'SER IE S 
Established 
10^1 
AugustXAja. 
ROSES 
Anthracnose — Cut off and burn diseased parts and 
spray with Bordeaux Mixture (4-6-50). 
Aphis—Spray plants with a solution of sulpho- 
tobacco soap; or a 2 per cent solution of lime-sul¬ 
phur: or tobacco water, using four ounces of tobacco- 
stems to one gallon of boiling water; strain the so¬ 
lution and add four ounces of soft soap while it is 
still hot; stir well to dissolve the soap. Black Leaf 
Forty can be used, as recommended, for Green or 
Black Aphis. 
Black Spot — This is a fungus disease. All diseased 
leaves should be removed from the plant, and those 
on the ground raked up and burned. Spray the 
plants with same strength of Bordeaux Mixture as 
recommended for mildew. 
Leaf Hopper — Spray witli insect powder, tobacco 
decoction or kerosene emulsion. 
Mildew—This is caused by extremes of heat and 
cold, or by a continuance of damp, cold weather. 
Sprinkle the plants with water, and dust them with 
soot, or spray with Bordeaux Mixture (3-9-50), tak¬ 
ing care to reach the under side of the leaves as well 
as the upper; also spray the ground around the 
plants. 
Slugs—Spray with he^ebore or insect powder. 
Thrips and Other Insects—Same treatment as for 
Aphis. 
SHADE TREES 
Leaf Eating Insects — Spray with two pounds of 
arsenate of lead, three pounds of lime to each fifty 
gallons of water. 
San Jose Scale — Same treatment as recommended 
for Apples. 
West India Scale—When trees are dormant us« 
lime-sulphur solution as a spray, mixed one gallon 
to eight of water. During the growing season use 
Schnarr's Insecticide, mixed l'A gallons to 100 gal¬ 
lons of water. 
WALNUTS 
See under head of Japanese Persimmons, Walnuts 
and Pecans. 
Fungicide and Insecticide Solutions and Formulae 
Arsenate of Lead can be used as a substitute for 
paris green and london purple. It can be used much 
stronger with less danger of injury to plants. Two 
pounds to fifty gallons of water give good results 
against most biting insects. As a safeguard against 
injury to the foliage, add three pounds of lime. 
Atomic Sulphur (Thomsen’s) — The best preventive 
against Brown Rot in Apples, Peaches, Plums and 
other fruits. 
Bordeaux Mixture—Copper Sulphate, 4 pounds; 
quicklime, G pounds; water, 50 gallons. Dissolve the 
copper sulphate by putting it in a bag and hanging 
it in a wooden or earthen vessel holding 25 gallons; 
slake the lime gradually and add water until you 
have 25 gallons. The copper sulphate mixture and 
lime should then be poured into the pump so that 
the two streams will mix thoroughly as they fall. 
Bordeaux Mixture will not keep more than twenty- 
four hours. Remember this. 
Copper Sulphate Solution—Dissolve 1 pound of 
copper sulphate in 15 gallons of water. Do not 
apply this solution to foliage; it must be used be¬ 
fore buds break on grape vines and peach trees. 
For the latter, use 25 gallons of water. 
Kerosene Emulsion—One-half pound of soap dis¬ 
solved in 1 gallon of water; add to this, while hot, 
2 gallons of kerosene. (The boiling soap solution 
should be removed from the fire before the kerosene 
is added.) Churn violently with a spray pump or 
garden syringe until the mass becomes of the con¬ 
sistency of butter. Dilute the above mixture with 
from 9 to 15 parts of water when using, so that it 
will not be stronger than 1 part of oil to 9 to 15 
parts of water. Sour milk may be used instead of 
soap. 
Larkin’s Sulpho-Tobacco Soap is a universal insec¬ 
ticide. A safe and sure exterminator of all kinds of 
insects and vermin on plants, shrubbery, vines, 
small fruits and trees. The soap is non-poisonous 
and absolutely safe to handle. It will not injure the 
tenderest growth. 
Lemon Oil—Plants should be dipped in a solution 
of suitable strength. While it kills all scale in¬ 
sects it is not injurious to the most tender plants. 
Lime-Sulphur Solution—Lime unslaked, 20 pounds; 
sulphur ground, 1G pounds; water to make 50 gallons. 
Place 8 to 10 gallons of water in an iron kettle over 
a lire, and when it reaches the boiling point, add the 
sulphur and mix thoroughly; then add the lime, 
which will immediately produce violent boiling. 
From time to time add a small quantity of water as 
needed to prevent boiling over or burning. The sul¬ 
phur gradually goes into solution, and the mixture, 
at first thick and pasty, becomes thinner and thinner, 
changing in color through several shades of yellow. 
After boiling at least one and a half hours, the mix¬ 
ture should be diluted to the proper amount by the 
addition of sufficient hot water. If a suitable boiler 
is not convenient, the mixture may be more econo¬ 
mically cooked in barrels or tanks by the use of 
steam. 
Thomsen Chemical Company’s Lime-Sulphur Solu¬ 
tion is recommended for the treatment of the San 
Jose scale as the lime-sulphur treatment is superior 
in many ways to the other remedies. 
Naptha Soap and Nicoticide—One ounce of soap 
and one-quarter ounce of Nicoticide to each gallon 
of water. It is advisable to have water at 100 degree 
Fahrenheit. This is an excellent spray for red 
spider. 
Paris Green—Actively poisonous. Add 4 ounces of 
paris green, 1 pound of fresh lime, to 50 gallons of 
water. Paris green and Bordeaux Mixture may be 
applied together without the action of either being 
weakened. 
Pyrethum—One ounce of the “Bubaeh” powder 
added to 2 gallons of cold water, for any plant used 
for food, as this is non-poisonous. 
Scalecide—One per cent solution of scaleeide or 1 
per cent prepared lime-sulphur solution will eradi¬ 
cate red sftider. 
Tobacco, 1 pound; boiling water, 2 gallons; strain 
when cool. It is very effectivve when used as a 
spray against flea beetles, aphides (plant lice). 
White Hellebore, 1 ounce; water, 3 gallons. Elec¬ 
tive as a spray for rose slugs. 
SPRAYING 
We cannot be too emphatic in impressing on the 
horticulturist to spray his fruit trees and grape 
vines if he desires good fruit. Follow directions 
carefully. Experiments frequently result disastrously. 
Careless spraying will result in loss of fruit and 
sometimes the trees. Every fruit grower should pur¬ 
chase a spraying apparatus; it can now be had for 
a small sum. Be careful in keeping your solution 
continuallv stirred. The best time for spraying is 
late in the afternoon or during cloudy weather, 
except with kerosene emulsion; this should be used 
on bright, shiny days. 
Other scale insects, of which there are several 
species, such as cherry scale, pecan scale, obscure 
scale on shade trees, can be controlled during the 
winter months by the use of lime-sulphur or soluble 
oil, or during summer months by spraying with 
kerosene emulsions or sulpho-tobacco soap. 
NOTE—If your trees are infested with any insects 
or fungus diseases, send infested portion to your 
Experiment Station, your State Entomologist, or the 
United States Entomologist at Washington, D. C. 
7 
