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P. J. Berckmaas Co. Avgusta, Georgia 
INJURIOUS INSECTS 
GRAPE-VINES 
Borer (Prionus). Its presence is manifested by the unhealthy 
appearance of the vine. Search must be made at the roots 
and the grub destroyed. 
Flea Beetle ( Haltica Chalybea). Dust leaves with dry lime. 
Grape Curculio ( Coeliodes inoequalis). Paris green or 
arsenate of lead solution as a spray, as soon as fruit is set. 
| Leaf Hopper ( Erythroneura rilis). Passing with a torch 
I between the rows in the evening and shaking the vines to 
j disturb the insects. 
Leaf Folder ( Desmia funeralis). Kerosene emulsion, or 
1 Paris green, or arsenate of lead as a spray. 
Phylloxera. Various insecticides are recommended, but 
must be applied below’ the ground with the aid of specially 
j constructed apparatus. 
Dangerous Fungous Diseases 
Apple Tree Blight may be treated similarly as for pears, 
but fewer applications are required. 
Black Rot in Grapes. Spray with copper sulphate solu¬ 
tion in spring before buds swell. When leaves appear, spray 
with Bordeaux; repeat twice at intervals of ten to fourteen 
days. Dusting with flowers of sulphur as soon as fruit is set, 
and repeat every ten days until coloring, is advisable for 
mildew’, but if Bordeaux mixture is used early it will lessen 
the appearance of the latter. 
Black Knot in Plums. Cut off the affected branches 
below affected parts, and burn to prevent its spreading. Spray 
with Bordeaux mixture. 
Brown Rot on Peaches, Plums and Nectarines. Brown 
Rot and Curculio work together; therefore, the following 
treatment is recommended for Brown Rot and Curculio. 
Apply the first spraying about the time the calyces are 
sheading, using tw r o pounds of arsenate of lead, three pounds 
of lime to fifty gallons of water. Apply the second spraying 
three weeks later, using the self-boiled lime and sulphur and 
arsenate of lead. Prepare as follows: Eight pounds lime, eight 
pounds sulphur and two pounds of arsenate of lead to fifty 
gallons of water. Make the sulphur into a thin paste, and then 
add the lime to the sulphur paste mass, and add water from 
time to time as the lime slakes in order to keep the mixture 
from becoming too thick to stir well. The boiling process should 
be permitted to continue until the lime is all slaked, which will 
be fifteen or twenty minutes, when it should be checked by the 
addition of cold water. 
The arsenate of lead should be rubbed into a thin paste by 
adding water slowly while stirring with a paddle until it is 
worked into a thin sloppy paste, and should be added to the 
diluted lime-sulphur solution the last thing before spraying. 
Make the third application about four weeks after the second, 
using the self-boiled lime sulphur without the arsenate of lead. 
If the curculio is very numerous and the foliage shows no injury 
from the second previous application, arsenate of lead may be 
added to the self-boiled lime sulphur at the third spraying. 
Three applications of the above spray will give best results. 
Peach and Plum Rosette. Root up and burn the affected 
tree as soon as the disease is observed. 
Peach Leaf Curl ( Exoascus deformans). Spray with Bor¬ 
deaux (4-C-50) during late fall or at least one month before 
the fruit buds open; when trees are thoroughly covered, only 
one application is necessary to prevent this disease. Recent 
experiments indicate that fall spraying will control leaf curl 
as well as early spring treatment, if trees are well coated. If 
spraying has not been done and the disease appears, continuous 
cultivation and the application of nitrogenous manures will 
throw’ off the diseased leaves and save the fruit crop. In case 
of San Jose scale in the same orchard, the lime and sulphur 
solution may be used effectively against both scale and leaf 
curl at one spraying. We recommend spraying with lime and 
sulphur as late as possible, and pruning out disease persistently 
when it occurs. 
Pear Blight. The following preventive measures are recom¬ 
mended: As buds are swelling, spray with copper solution; 
as blossoms fall, Bordeaux mixture (3-9-50) and arsenites; 
ei^ht to tw’clve days later repeat application and use Bordeaux 
mixture ten to fourteen days later, and again ten to fourteen 
days later, if necessary. If blight has occurred, cut off and 
burn all affected limbs to prevent spreading. During winter, 
carefully remove all blighted twigs, and pay particular atten¬ 
tion to removing all blight occurring in main limbs or branches. 
Send for bulletin on “Control of Pear Blight,” which can be 
secured from the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C., 
or from the State Board of Entomology, Atlanta, Ga. Disin¬ 
fect the pruning shears. 
Rust on Raspberries and Blackberries. Spray with 
copper sulphate solution before buds break. Use Bordeaux mix¬ 
ture if rust appears in spring or summer. 
Fungicide and Insecticide Solutions and Formulae 
Arsenate of Lead can be used as a substitute for Paris 
green and London purple. It can be used much stronger with 
less danger of injury to plants. Two pounds to fifty gallons of 
water will give good results against most biting insects. 
Bordeaux Mixture. Copper sulphate, four pounds; quick¬ 
lime, six pounds; water, fifty gallons. Dissolve the copper sul¬ 
phate by putting it in a bag and hanging it in a wooden or 
earthen vessel holding twenty-five gallons; slake the lime gradu¬ 
ally and add water until you have twenty-five gallons. The 
blue-stone mixture and lime should then be poured into the 
pump so that the two streams will mix thoroughly as they fall. 
Bordeaux mixture will not keep more than twenty-four hours. 
Remember this. , 
Copper-Sulphate Solution. Dissolve one pound of copper- 
sulphate in fifteen gallons of water. Do not apply this solution 
to foliage; it must be used before buds break on grape-vines 
and peach trees. For the latter, use twenty-five gallons of 
water. 
Kerosene Emulsion. One-half pound of soap dissolved in 
one gallon of water; add to this, while hot, two gallons of 
kerosene. (The boiling soap solution should be removed from 
the fire before the kerosene is added.) Churn violently with a 
spray pump or garden syringe until the mass becomes of the 
consistency of butter. Dilute the above mixture with from nine 
to fifteen parts of water when using, so that it will not be strong¬ 
er than one part of oil to nine to fifteen of water. Sour milk 
may be used instead of soap. 
Larkin's Sulpho -Tobacco Soap is a universal insecti¬ 
cide. A sure and safe exterminator of all kinds of insects and 
vermin on plants, shrubbery, vines, small fruits and trees. It 
also acts as a powerful fertilizer; plants that have wilted from 
the ravages of insects will regain their freshness and grow luxu¬ 
riantly. The soap is non-poisonous and absolutely safe to 
handle. It will not injure the tenderest growth. 
Lemon Oil. We have found this an invaluable insecticide 
for all plants grown in a greenhouse or in pots. Plants should 
be dipped in a solution of suitable strength. While it kills all 
scale insects, it is not injurious to the most tender plants. 
Lime and Sulphur Wash. I.ime, unslaked, twenty pounds; 
sulphur, ground, sixteen pounds; water, to make fifty gallons. 
Place eight to ten gallons of water in an iron kettle over a fire, 
and when it reaches the boiling point add the sulphur and mix 
thoroughly, then add the lime, which will immediately produce 
a violent boiling. From time to time add a small quantity of 
water as needed to prevent boiling over or burning. The sul¬ 
phur gradually goes into solution, and the mixture, at first thick 
and pasty, becomes thinner and thinner, changing in color 
through several shades of yellow. After boiling at least one 
and a half hours, the mixture should be diluted to the proper 
amount by the addition of sufficient hot water. If a suitable 
boiler is convenient, the mixture may be more economically 
cooked in barrels or tanks by the use of steam. 
The lime and sulphur wash is now generally recommended 
for controlling the San Jose scale, and in some respects is 
superior to the other remedies named. 
Naptha Soap and Nicoticide. One ounce of soap and one- 
quarter ounce of nicoticide to each gallon of water. It is ad¬ 
visable to have the water at 10(5 degrees Fahrenheit. This is 
an excellent spray for Red Spider. 
Paris Green. Actively poisonous. Add four ounces Paris 
green, one pound fresh lime, to fifty gallons of water. Paris 
green and Bordeaux mixture may be applied together without 
the action of either being weakened. 
Land Plaster. With fifty pounds of land plaster mix one pint 
of crude carbolic acid. Sprinkle over vines for beetles and 
aphides. 
Pyrethrum. One ounce of the “Bubach” powder, add to 
two gallons of cold water, on any plant used for food, as this is 
non-poisonous. 
Sulphur, one pound; one pound of air-slaked lime, and boil 
it in eight quarts of water until the concoction simmers down 
to about six quarts; add one gallon of this mixture to fifty 
gallons of water. Use as a spray for red spider every five to 
six days until the spider is eradicated. 
Tobacco, one pound; boiling water, two gallons; strain when 
cool. Is very effective when used as a spray against flea beetles, 
lice aphides (plant lice). 
White Hellebore, one ounce; water, three gallons. Effective 
as a spray for rose slugs. 
SPRAYING 
We cannot be too emphatic in impressing on the horticul¬ 
turist to spray his fruit trees and grape-vines if he desires good 
fruit. Follow directions carefully. Experiments frequently 
result disastrously. Careless spraying will result in loss of fruit 
and sometimes the trees. Every fruit-grower should purchase 
a spraying apparatus; they can now be had for a small sum. 
I Be careful in keeping your solution continually stirred. The 
best time for spraying is late in the afternoon or during cloudy 
weather, except with kerosene emulsion; this should be used 
on bright, sunshiny days. (We recommend the Gould 
Pumps. Write us for prices on these; we can save you money.) 
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