4 
P. J Berckmans Company, Augusta , Georgia 
INJURIOUS INSECTS, continued 
brush to the trunks and larger limbs only. None of this mix¬ 
ture should be put on the foliage or young growth. 
Other Scale Insects, of which there are several species, 
which are more or less destructive to fruit or other trees, can 
be eradicated by the use of kerosene emulsion, whale-oil soap 
or Larkin’s Sulpho-Tobacco Soap. 
[Note .—If your trees are infected with any insects or fungous 
diseases, send infected portion to your Experiment Station, 
your State Entomologist, or United States Entomologist, at 
Washington, D. C. J 
JAPANESE PERSIMMONS, WALNUTS AND 
PECANS 
Borer (Prionus). These bore through the roots and usually 
destroy the tree; and must be carefully removed. Carefully 
examine collar of tree in winter and midsummer, and apply 
lime and sulphur wash. 
Caterpillar (Catocala maestoso). This insect feeds on the 
leaves of pecans, and is sometimes quite injurious; spray with 
Paris green, four ounces, lime one pound, to fifty gallons of 
water. 
Pecan Bud Worm (Proteopteryx Deludana). Spray the trees 
just as the buds are opening, with arsenate of lead, three 
| pounds to fifty gallons of water, and repeat application ten 
days later. If the worms appear again in June or July repeat 
the same treatment This will also help control the pecan case 
bearer. 
Twig Girdlers (Onculeres cingulatus). All limbs that have 
been girdled and have fallen must be burned at once, thus 
destroying all future broods of sawyers. 
GRAPE-VINES 
Borer (Prionus). Its presence is manifested by the unhealthy 
appearance of the vine. Search must be made at the roots 
and the grub destroyed. 
Flea Beetle (Haltica Chalybea). Dust leaves with dry lime. 
Grape Curculio (Coeliodes ino equal is ) . Paris green or 
arsenate of lead solution as a spray, as soon as fruit is set. 
Leaf Hopper ( Erythroneura vitis ) . Passing with a torch 
between the rows in the evening and shaking the vines to 
disturb the insects. 
Leaf Folder ( Desmia funeralis). Kerosene emulsion, or 
Paris green, or arsenate of lead as a spray. 
Phylloxera. Various insecticides are recommended, but 
must be applied below the ground with the aid of specially 
constructed apparatus. 
Dangerous Fungous Diseases 
Apole Tree Blight may be treated similarly as for pears, 
but fewer applications are required. 
Black Rot in Grapes. Spray with copper sulphate solu¬ 
tion in spring before buds swell. When leaves appear, spray 
with Bordeaux; repeat twice at intervals of ten to fourteen 
days. Dusting with flowers of sulphur as soon as fruit is set, 
and repeat every ten days until coloring, is advisable for 
mildew, but if Bordeaux mixture is used early it will lessen 
the appearance of the latter. 
Black Knot in Plums. Cut off the affected branches 
below affected parts, and burn to prevent its spreading. Spray 
with Bordeaux mixture. 
Brown Rot on Peaches, Plums and Nectarines. Spray 
with Bordeaux mixture, containing four pounds copper sul¬ 
phate, six pounds lime, to fifty gallons of water, before the 
buds swell. When fruit is well set, Bordeaux (3-9-50). Repeat 
this spraying at intervals of ten to fourteen days. Spraying 
may be continued until fruit begins to ripen. Even this re¬ 
duced strength Bordeaux may burn foliage during very wet 
seasons. Dusting with flowers of sulphur is advisable if Bor¬ 
deaux mixture is not used, but the sulphur should be applied 
every ten to fourteen days. All mummified fruit and limbs 
showing brown rot must be removed and burned. 
Peach and Plum Rosette. Root up and burn the affected 
trees as soon as the disease is observed. 
Peach Leaf Curl ( Exoascus deformans ). Spray with Bor¬ 
deaux (4-6-50) during late fall or at least one month before 
the fruit buds open; when trees are thoroughly covered, only 
one application is necessary to prevent this disease. Recent 
experiments indicate that fall spraying will control leaf curl 
as well as early spring treatment, if trees are well coated. If 
spraying has not been done and the disease appears, continuous 
cultivation and the application of nitrogenous manures will 
throw off the diseased leaves and save the fruit crop. In case 
< of San Jos6 scale in the same orchard, the lime, salt and 
sulphur wash may be used effectively against both scale and 
i leaf curly at one spraying. We recommend spraying with 
lime and sulphur as late as possible, and pruning out disease 
persistently when it occurs. 
Pear Blight. The following preventive measures are recom¬ 
mended: As buds are swelling, spray with copper solution; 
j as blossoms fall, Bordeaux mixture (3-9-50) and arsenites; 
I eight to twelve days later repeat application and use Bordeau 
mixture ten to fourteen days later, and again ten to fourteen 
days later, if necessary. If blight has occurred, cut off and 
burn all affected limbs to prevent spreading. During winter, 
carefully remove all blighted twigs, and pay particular atten¬ 
tion to removing all blight occurring in main limbs or branches. 
Send for bulletin on “Control of Pear Blight,” which can be 
secured from the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, I). C., 
or from the State Board of Entomology, Atlanta, Ga., Disin¬ 
fect the pruning shears. 
Rust on Raspberries and Blackberries. Spray with 
j copper sulphate solution before buds break. Use Bordeaux mix¬ 
ture if rust appears in spring or summer. 
Fungicide and Insecticide Solutions and Formulae 
Arsenate of Lead can be used as a substitute for Paris 
Green and London Purple. It can be used much stronger with 
less danger of injury to plants. Two pounds to fifty gallons of 
water will give good results against most biting insects. 
Bordeaux Mixture. Copper sulphate, four pounds; quick¬ 
lime, six pounds; water, fifty gallons. Dissolve the copper sul¬ 
phate by putting it in a bag and hanging it in a wooden or 
earthen vessel holding twenty-five gallons; slake the lime gradu¬ 
ally and add water until you have twenty-five gallons. The 
blue-stone mixture and lime should then be poured into the 
pump so that the two streams will mix thoroughly as they fall. 
Bordeaux mixture will not keep more than twenty-four hours. 
Remember this. 
Copper-Sulphate Solution. Dissolve one pound of copper- 
sulphate in fifteen gallons of water. Do not apply this solution 
to foliage; it must be used before buds break on grape-vines 
and peach trees. For the latter, use twenty-five gallons of 
water. 
Kerosene Emulsion. One-half pound of soap dissolved in 
one gallon of water; add to this, while hot, two gallons of 
kerosene. (The boiling soap solution should be removed from 
the fire before the kerosene is added.) Churn violently with a 
spray pump or garden syringe until the mass becomes of the 
consistency of butter. Dilute the above mixture with from nine 
to fifteen parts of water when using, so that it will not be strong¬ 
er than one part of oil to nine to fifteen of water. Sour milk 
may be used instead of soap. 
Larkin’s Sulpho-Tobacco Soap is an universal insecticide. 
A sure and safe exterminator of all kinds of insects and vermin 
on plants, shrubbery, vines, small fruits and trees. It also acts 
as a powerful fertilizer; plants that have wilted from the ravages 
of insects will regain their freshness and grow luxuriantly. 
The soap is non-poisonous and absolutely safe to handle. It 
will not injure the tenderest growth. 
Lemon Oil. We have found this an invaluable insecticide 
for all plants grown in a greenhouse or in pots. Plants should 
be dipped in a solution of suitable strength. While it kills all 
scale insects, it is not injurious to the most tender plants. 
Lime and Sulphur Wash. Lime, unslaked, twenty pounds; 
sulphur, ground, sixteen pounds; water, to make fifty gallons. 
Place eight to ten gallons of water in an iron kettle over a fire, 
and when it reaches the boiling point add the sulphur and mix 
thoroughly, then add the lime, which will immediately produce 
a violent boiling. From time to time add a small quantity of 
water as needed to prevent boiling over or burning. The sul¬ 
phur gradually goes into solution, and the mixture, at first thick 
and pasty, becomes thinner and thinner, changing in color 
through several shades of yellow. After boiling at least one 
and a half hours, the mixture should be diluted to the proper 
amount by the addition of sufficient hot water. If a suitable 
boiler is convenient, the mixture may be more economically 
cooked in barrels or tanks by the use of steam. 
The lime and sulphur wash is now generally recommended 
for controlling the San Jos6 scale, and in some respects is 
superior to the other remedies named. 
Naptha Soap and Nicoticide. One ounce of soap and one- 
quarter ounce of nicoticide to each gallon of water. It is ad¬ 
visable to have the water at 100 degrees Fahrenheit. This is 
an excellent spray for Red Spider. 
