House and Garden 
\ 
No. i. Sprays of the Common Juniper { Juniperus communis) 
No. 4. The Creeping 
It will be noticed that the sprays of the red cedar are of two 
kinds. This difference of leafage is one of the red cedar’s peculiari¬ 
ties and adds to its variety of aspect. On the young cedars invariably, 
but also often on some of the branches of the older trees, the leaves 
are awl-shaped, not unlike the common Juniper’s leaves in type, only 
very much smaller, not more than a sixth of an inch to a third of 
an inch long, while the leaves of the Juniperus communis vary from 
a half inch to an inch in length. These awl-shaped leaves of the red 
cedar (No. 2), especially in the spring, make the young cedars look 
very feathery and fluffy, and the whole aspect of the branches so cov¬ 
ered and the young trees is very different from the character the cedar 
Nos. 2 and 3. The Red Cedar {Juniperus Virginiana) 
uniper ( "Juniperus nana ) 
takes on when all its leaves are, as in No. 3, small and scale-like, 
closely pressing the twigs and giving the effect of a rather spare and 
attenuated arbor-vita?. As is plain, the leaves of the creeping Juniper, 
No. 4, are like those of No. 1, the Juniperus communis; but it 
must be clear that the foliage of both these species, the Juniperus 
communis and the ‘ Juniperus nana, is so different from that of the 
red cedar that even the most careless observer ought to be able to 
tell them apart from merely glancing at a spray, to say nothing 
of the extraordinary difference that lies in the fact that the red cedar 
is a tree and the other Junipers are, one a creeping shrub and the 
other a bush. 
the doctors would say — surely indicated. 
Indeed now that the house in the country, 
be it cottage, farmhouse or larger mansion, 
is becoming so important a feature of Ameri¬ 
can life, and above all now that the develop¬ 
ment of the garden is assuming as much 
importance as the building of the house, the 
value of trees that speak our own tongue, as 
it were, and are picturesque in themselves 
should be patent to all. Why not let us, 
utilizing the hints the Old World affords, 
develop an American landscape art and an 
American garden ? We are not poverty- 
stricken in these matters. Nature has been 
lavish in American types. The catalogue 
of glorious trees beginning with the elms, the 
tulip-poplars, magnolias and the maples, all 
so distinct from Old World relations, is long; 
but in the matter of evergreens for effects 
that know no season, the red cedar, “ tolerant 
of many soils and varied locations,” as the 
book lore has it, should be brought to the 
front. The statements of the ordinary tree 
books really do the red cedar scant honor, 
for though many of our wild-wood trees 
seem to fear human association, retiring be¬ 
fore the husbandman, and seemingly ill at 
ease near the home, this is not the case with 
the Juniper. Resourcefulness is its forte, 
adaptability its foible. It makes the most 
of its opportunities, and the passing of the 
forest finds it serene as the proud possessor 
of the fence rows, while the farm lane and 
highway are its own for conquest. Its va¬ 
riety of form is astonishing. It rises superior 
to accidents of man or Nature that mar many 
trees and spell early decay and decrepitude. 
Out of these wounds of the winds or human 
mutilations, accidental or intentional, the 
Juniper makes new and attractive forms so 
that the injury often proves a blessing in 
disguise and the results are as inspiring as 
they are bizarre ; for the Juniper will not be 
destroyed in the struggle for existence. 
Wherever it is in evidence, it easily be¬ 
comes the characteristic of the landscape by 
reason of its depth of green as well as its 
form. Near or far, in outline against the 
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