House and Garden 
THE TOUR DE NESLE 
From an engraving by Callot 
encamped on the north side, built a 
block-house at this point, and that the 
name is some Frankish term now ob¬ 
solete. It appears again in the village 
of Louvres on the highway from Paris to 
Chantilly. 
William the Conqueror had built the Tower 
of London just outside the London wall, so 
that the circumvallation of the city formed 
part of the Tower enclosure. He could be 
in the city and out of it at the same time. 
His fortress could protect the citizens from 
their enemies, or himself from the citizens, 
as circumstances might require. Philippe- 
Auguste followed his example and placed 
the Louvre in precisely the same way. The 
kings of France, even in the fine old Cape- 
tian thirteenth century, were afraid of Paris. 
They could not live without her and they 
could not live with her. She brought them 
to their knees in the end. The castle of 
Philippe-Auguste consisted of a round 
tower or keep in a rectangular court 
formed by various buildings, towers and 
walls. It occupied about one-fourth the 
present court of the old Louvre. The 
plan of the medieval chateau is indicated 
in the pavement. On the western side 
was the great hall, a part of the western 
wall of which is still standing, having been 
incorporated in the Salle des Caryatides by 
Pierre Lescot. The Louvre was modified 
in the time of Charles V. (1314-1380) 
without changing its general dimensions. 
In the reign of Charles V., also, the growth 
of the city made it necessary to build another 
enceinte beyond that of Philippe-Auguste. 
This wall was begun in 1356 in the reign of 
Jean II. le Bon (1350-1364) and finished in 
1380, in the reign of his son Charles V. The 
wall was actually built bv the citizens of Paris 
under the leadership of Etienne Marcel pre- 
vot des Marchands , but is always called the 
enceinte of Charles V. The trace of this wall 
is perfectly clear in the map of Paris. From 
the river on the east side it follows the inner 
ring of boulevards, Bourdon, Beaumarchais, 
des Filles-du-Calvaire, du Temple, Saint- 
Martin, Saint-Denis to the Porte Saint-Denis. 
From the Porte Saint-Denis its course is 
marked by the two parallel streets, Rue 
d’Aboukir on one side and Rue de Clery, 
Rue du Mail on the other, to the Place des 
Victoires. Thence it passes under the Banque 
de France and Palais-Royal to the Place du 
Theatre Fran^ais, where was the first Porte 
Saint-Honore. It reached the river west of 
the Pont du Carrousel, where it was strength¬ 
ened by the Tour du Bois, which for a long 
time stood between the Louvre and the 
Tuileries. 
The enceinte of Charles V. included the 
Louvre and the great residential palace of 
the Hotel Saint-Paul which lay outside the 
first enceinte , south of the Rue Saint-Antoine, 
and has disappeared. To take the place of 
J 37 
