Picturesque English Cottages and Their Doorway Gardens 
AN OLD HOUSE AT LINGFIELD, SURREY 
adornments of our houses. Even in cottages 
and small farmhouses some of these shafts 
are most ingeniously and cleverly designed, 
and display' wonderful workmanship. In 
the old Hall, the most common method of 
warming was to kindle a fire on a hearth of 
tiles or bricks in the center of the room, the 
smoke finding its way out through a hole in 
the roof, over which was placed a louvre. 
Many halls, however, 
had fireplaces in the 
side wall, as at Crosby 
Hall, London. As 
late as 1649, we 
that the hall of Rich¬ 
mond Palace was 
warmed by a charcoal 
fire burning in the cen¬ 
ter of the room on a 
brick hearth, having a 
large lanthorn in the 
roof for the escape of 
smoke. My old col¬ 
lege, Oriel at Oxford, 
has still its louvre, 
though it is now glazed 
and serves for the 
transmission of light 
rather than the emis¬ 
sion of smoke. In 
houses constructed on 
the plan of the old hall, 
there is usually a great 
central chimney, oc¬ 
cupying the site of the 
original hearth and the 
open louvre. Much 
ingenuity is shown in 
the erection of the 
shafts, which are often 
lofty and charmingly 
arranged, showing a 
variety of light and 
shade. Where stone 
abounds, the chimneys 
are not remarkable, 
but in the regions of 
brick great achieve¬ 
ments of the mason in 
fashioning curious and 
interesting shafts have 
been accomplished. 
All the flues are 
block, and on this the 
close together. The 
formed in one solid 
shafts are arranged 
illustrations show a great variety of decora¬ 
tion. Plain shafts are often made most 
picturesque by the introduction of a number 
of angles in the plan and by the projection 
of courses of brick, where the chimney clears 
the roof, and at the head. Moulded bricks 
are often used to add to the effect. New 
A TILED HOUSE AT BROOMHAM, SUSSEX 
178 
