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THE PLAN OF GEORGES BRAUN-1 530 
furnished by other records. During the six¬ 
teenth century many contemporary maps ap¬ 
peared, which are a delightful subject for 
study. An old Paris map is usually a plan 
cavalier , that is, a sort of bird’s-eye view, 
taken from the west, in which little topo¬ 
graphical accuracy is attempted. The courses 
of the streets are represented in a conven¬ 
tional manner, without actual measurements, 
and important landmarks and monuments 
are pictured roughly, but often so correctly 
as to indicate their actual condition at the 
time the map was drawn. The workmanship 
is, at times, extremely beautiful. 
The most primitive, if not the oldest of 
these plans, is that of Sebastien Munster, 
which appeared with the first edition of his 
“ Cosmographie ” about 1541. It probably 
represents the condition of the city ten 
years earlier, and is an amusing old map, 
drawn on wood, but not especially useful. 
The careful plan of Georges Braun, called 
the “ Plan des Trois Personages ,” from the three 
figures in the corner, represents the city at 
about the same date, i 530, but is much more 
instructive. It is still the medieval city which 
is drawn. The enceintes of Philippe-Auguste 
and Charles V. are in their original condition; 
the Chateau du Louvre is as Charles V. left 
it; the Maison aux Piliers still serves as 
Hotel de Ville in the Place de Greve; the 
king’s garden makes a pretty showing at the 
point of the island. Braun’s map is beauti¬ 
fully etched on copper by engravers whose 
names are known. It was published in the 
“ Civitates orbis terrarum ” in 1576, but was 
drawn much earlier. 
At an early date in the Renaissance period, 
possibly in the reign of Louis XII. (1498- 
1515), there was made an immense tapestry, 
to be hung, on state occasions, before the 
Hotel de Ville, into which was woven a plan 
of the old city. This Papisserie pourctrait 
disappeared after 1788, and is represented 
now only by two imperfect copies. Of these 
the most important is the so-called Grande 
Gouache , a drawing in black and white made 
in the eighteenth century. The Grande 
