The Topographical Evolution of the City of Paris 
THE MAP OF ROBERT 
In medieval Paris the 
only bridge below the 
He de la Cite was that at 
Saint-Cloud. There 
was a structure here as 
early as 841, which was 
rebuilt in the fourteenth 
century. In the year 
1564, to connect the 
Tuileries, then in pro¬ 
cess of construction, 
with its quarries at 
Vaugirard and Notre- 
Dame des Champs, and 
for the convenience of 
workmen who lived on 
the southern side, a ferry 
or bac was established. 
This was afterwards re¬ 
placed by a wooden 
bridge on piles, which 
appears in the old maps 
as the Pont Rouge or 
Pont des Tuileries. Be¬ 
tween 1685 and 1689 
the Pont Rouge was re¬ 
placed by the Pont 
Royal, a stone bridge, 
designed and executed 
by a Dominican monk, 
Francois Romain, with 
the assistance of Jules 
Hardouin-Mansardand 
Jacques Gabriel. The 
Pont du Carrousel is 
quite modern—1834. 
This part of the city is 
a great central Cour 
d’H onneur with an im¬ 
mense basin ; quite the 
hnest arrangement of 
this kind ever at¬ 
tempted. The monu¬ 
ments of the Roman 
Forum were, of course, 
much more magnifi¬ 
cent, but their arrangement was not. 
THE TUI I. ERIE S-NEUILLY AXIS 
The Seine is an axis provided by nature. 
The architects and designers of the seven¬ 
teenth and eighteenth centuries, filled with 
devotion to classic symmetry, felt the need 
of a purely architectonic line of symmetrical 
development. 'Phis was found in the pro¬ 
duction of the axis of the garden of the 
Tuileries as it appears in the plate of Du 
Cerceau illustrated in the last article. In 
the seventeenth century the garden was com¬ 
pletely remodeled by Le Notre. This famous 
garden designer was born at the Tuileries, 
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