The Topographical Evolution of the City of Paris 
A VIEW IN THE PARC DES BUTTES-CHAUMONT 
The beautifying of an ancient quarry 
of the time of Louis XIV. But these were 
either royal or private, and rarely, if ever, 
were open to the public. Haussmann is 
probably quite within the truth in assuming 
that Napoleon III. was the first to conceive 
and create a public city park. The splendid 
series which were laid out in his reign—Bou¬ 
logne, Vincennes, Monceaux, Buttes-Chau- 
mont and others—may be a little banal at 
times, but they do their work extremely 
well. They have been copied in every city 
of the world. Central Park, in New York, is 
a good example of the style. 
PARIS OF THE PRESENT AND FUTURE 
H aussmann created the nineteenth cen¬ 
tury city. He did all that the conditions 
of civilization at the moment required ; per¬ 
haps more. Some of the improvements 
which he began are not even now accom¬ 
plished. The Boulevard Haussmann is not 
yet continuous with the Boulevard Mont¬ 
martre. The Rue de Rennes must yet be 
brought into connection with the Rue du 
Louvre by a bridge between the Pont des 
Arts and the Pont-Neuf. There should be 
a new Pont du Carrousel, and better con¬ 
nections between that bridge and the Boule¬ 
vard Saint-Germain. The completion of the 
Boulevard Raspail has, apparently, been left 
to the operation of the loi d'alignement. 
A continuation of the Rue de Rambuteau 
through the garden of the Palais Royal to the 
Avenue de l’Opera is needed. All these im¬ 
provements were suggested by Haussmann, 
but are not yet realized. 
The present Republic has, with the Pont 
Alexandre III. and the two Palais des Beaux- 
Arts, carried the axis of the Invalides across 
the river to the Avenue des Champs-Elysees, 
one of the finest additions ever made to mon¬ 
umental Paris. The most important problem 
before the city at this moment is the disposi¬ 
tion of the last line of fortifications, rendered 
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