CONTENTS 
VEGETATION . % 
BIRD DISTRIBUTION AND HABITATS . [*’[ . 7 
BIRD SPECIES OF ISLE ROYALE . !!!”!!!!!!!!!!!!""" . 13 
List of Habitat Types ... . ^ 
ANNOTATED LIST OF BIRDS BY FAMILIES ..!!!!!!!!!""] !!!!!!!!!!!‘!’*'’ 19 
Gaviidae (Loons) ... . . !!!!!! . 19 
Podicipedidae (Grebes) .]. 
Pelecanidae (Pelicans) . 20 
Phalacrocoracidae (Cormorants) . !!!!!!!!"*" * 20 
Ardeidae (Herons and Bitterns) . * * * * 20 
Anatidae (Swans, Geese, and Ducks) .. 20 
Acciptridae (Hawks) . . . !.!!!!!!! 24 
Pandionidae (Ospreys) . 27 
Falconidae (Falcons) .. 27 
Tetraonidae (Grouse) .... . . 27 
Rallidae (Rails and Coots) . 28 
Charadriidae (Plovers) . 29 
Scolopacidae (Woodcock, Snipe, and Sandpipers) . 29 
Laridae (Gulls and Terns) .... a . . . 30 
Columbidae (Pigeons and Doves) . 32 
Cuculidae (Cuckoos) . 34 
Strigidae (Typical Owls) . 35 
Caprimulgidae (Goatsuckers) . 35 
Apodidae (Swifts) . 35 
Trochilidae (Hummingbirds) . 35 
Alcedinidae (Kingfishers) .....,. 36 
Picidae (Woodpeckers) .. 35 
Tyrannidae (Tyrant Flycatchers) . 37 
Alaudidae (Larks) . 37 
Hirundinidae (Swallows) . 37 
Corvidae (Jays and Crows) ... 38 
Paridae (Titmice) . 39 
Sittidae (Nuthatches) . 39 
Certhiidae (Creepers) . 39 
Troglodytidae (Wrens) . 39 
Mimidae (Mockingbirds and Thrashers) . 40 
Turdidae (Thrushes and Bluebirds). 40 
Sylviidae (Kinglets) . 41 
Motacillidae (Pipits) . 42 
Bombycillidae (Waxwings) . 42 
Laniidae (Shrikes) . 42 
Sturnidae (Starlings) . 42 
Vireonidae (Vireos) . 43 
Parulidae (Wood Warblers) . 43 
Ploceidae (Weaver Finches) . 48 
Icteridae (Meadowlarks, Blackbirds, and Orioles) . 48 
Thraupidae (Tanagers) . 49 
Fringillidae (Grosbeaks, Finches, Buntings and Sparrows) . 49 
REFERENCES . 53 
APPENDIX--List of Plants. 56 
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