138 
American Agriculturist, February 17,1923 
Manure Spreader for 
More Profitable Farming 
• 
The basis of profitable farming is a fertile soil. In 
farming, as in other businesses, there are poor years and 
good ones, but the farmer who keeps up the productive 
ity of his soil will forge ahead. 
No method of maintaining soil fertility has proved so 
efficient as the proper application of barnyard manure. 
It is a foresighted policy to build up crop yields with 
a McCormickeDeering Manure Spreader. Put jnanure 
on your fields finely, evenly, uniformly, and economic 
cally; the extra fertility will in a short time pay for the 
McCormickeDeering spreader. 
Note again these features in McCormick'Deering 
construction: i. Power delivered from both wheels. 
2. Double ratchet drive with six feed speeds. 3. Short' 
turn front axle—no pole whipping. 4. Rear wheels 
track with front wheels. 5. Tight bottom. 6. Two 
beaters and wide'spread spiral. 7. Albsteel main frame. 
International Harvester Company 
. of America t t o a 
Chicago [Incorporated] USA 
93 Branch Houses and 15,000 Dealers in the United States 
IMPROVED AND 
PEDIGREED SEED 
PEDIGREED OATS treated to prevent smut. 
COHNELLIAN—Development—Single plant se¬ 
lection by Plant Breteding Department New York 
Agricultural College. A tree oat slightly gray 
in color, good stiff straw. In five years’ trial on 
Agricultural Experiment grounds at Ithaca, has 
yielded about five bushels more than nearest 
competitor. Of all varieties under test there in 
1920, it was the thinnest hulled variety and 
had the largest percentage of meat. 
SVALOP VARIETIES, STOCKS SECOND 
CROP FROM SWEDEN. 
VTCTORY is the leading white variety in New 
York State. In four year tests by Department 
of Plant Breeding shows this second to Cornel- 
lian. Good stiff straw. Should be sowed thin. 
CROWN newer sort than Victory, longer kerr 
nel. In Sweden outyields Victory on particu¬ 
larly good soil. Lodging resistance good. Should 
be sowed thin. 
GOLDEN RAIN, yellow oat, remarkably stiff 
straw. In Sweden is unexacting as regards soil. 
Grain medium and heavy with thin hull. 
Price on all above sorts $1.50 per bushel. 
PEDIGREED BARLEY, Cornell’s two favor¬ 
ites, FEATIIERSTON No. 7, a six row barley 
originated at Minnesota Agricultural Experi¬ 
ment Station. Medium, tall stiff-strawed sort, 
high yield heavy grain. Recommended for sep¬ 
arate grain crop. Most consistent high yielder 
of all six row sorts at Cornell Agricultural Ex¬ 
periment Station. None of this variety availa¬ 
ble but what shows trace of two row. 
ALPHA two row, a hybrid. A tall stiff straw 
sortmaturing later than standard six row. Dur¬ 
ing five years has excelled all other sorts in 
yield at Cornell Experiment Station. Especially 
desirable for sowing with oats. We recommend 
the Victory or Crown in combination with Alpha. 
Price—Featherston $2.0Q per bushel. Alpha 
$2.24 per bushel. 
SEED CORN, New York State grown from se¬ 
lected cars in si)ecial fields. 
CORNELLL ELEVEN (Pedigreed), Developed 
by Plant Breeding Department, New York State 
College of Agriculture through individual ear- 
to-ear selection. A yellow dent corn success¬ 
fully used for ensilage and for husking as well 
in the moj-e favorable sections of New York 
State. Average requirements 120 days for ma¬ 
turity. For grain use 4 to 5 quarts per acre. 
For ensilage use 6 to 8 quarts. 
OIL DENT (Improved), for husking and en¬ 
silage. Somewhat earlier than Cornell Eleven. 
Adapted when elevation too high or season too 
short for Cornell Eleven. Same rate planting. 
A trial of this seed properly put in will wean 
buyers of cheap seed. Prices both varieties— 
Screened $3.00 per bushel. Tipped and butted 
for accurate planting in check rows $5.00 per 
bushel. 
CERTIFIED POTATOES, HIRUCO NUM¬ 
BER NINE, smooth skin Rural type, having 
special care by our Plant Pathologist. Very free 
of disease, special care taken to eliminate Giant 
Stalks, treated for rhizoctonia and scab, then 
held in cold storage. Especially adapted for 
seed plots, $3.00 per bushel, two bushel sacks. 
GREEN MOUNTAIN, a strain having special 
care of our Plant Pathologist. Treated and 
carried in cold storage for seed plots, $3.00 per 
bushel. IRISH COBBLER, a strain exception¬ 
ally free of disease. For seed plots, $3.00 per 
bushel. BLISS TRIUMPH, one of the best 
strains in the United States. Exceptionally free 
of disease. For seed plots, $3.50 per bushel. 
Packed in one bushel boxes, $4.00. 
NUMBER NINE, grown from HIRUCO Num¬ 
ber Nines. Put up in 2 or 2i^ bushel bags, 
$1.75 per bushel. RURAL RUSSETS, grown 
from one of the best strains of Russets in the 
State. Put up in 2 or 2 V 2 bushel bags, $1 75 
per bushel. 
SOY BEANS, Black Eyebrow, an early sort. 
Bids fair to be most popular sort in New York 
and Pennsylvania. Price $4.50 per bushel 
HUBAM SWEET CLOVER, Scarified, high 
germination and purity. Grown in New York. 
Price small lots 50 cents per pound postpaid. 
Bushel lots or over, 40 cents per pound. 
All prices are freight paid, bags free. All orders to be accompanied by 25% cash or 3% may 
be deducted if making payment in full. - 
Investigation through Farm Bureaus or Agricultural Colleges invited 
HICKOX-RUMSEY CO., INC.BATAVIA, N. V, 
An Oft Debated Subject 
The Proper Handling of Manure is Not Settled Yet 
Will you kindly give me 
some information on using 
sheep manure? I would 
like to know what crops it is good for and 
something about handling it.— Charles H. 
Borchkks, New Jersey. 
T his question seums like an old 
friend, for of late manure subjects 
have been less .to the front and I am 
rather pleased to get it. The conserva¬ 
tion and handling 
of animal ma¬ 
nures is a long 
way from being 
settled along 
lines that give us 
the largest re¬ 
turns and the 
least'loss. There 
has been marked 
improvement, 
however, in the 
dairy sections of 
the East through 
the construction 
of concrete stable 
floors and direct 
hauling from 
By H. E. COOK 
H. E. COOK 
stable to field. Boards of Health should 
have some credit for they compelled 
the water-tight floor and the removal 
of manure daily from near the build¬ 
ings. So if it must be taken a short 
distance, we may as well move it to 
the field a_nd have the job done. This 
method for the major part of the year 
is altogether the cheapest and best. 
In many sections this plan is impractic¬ 
able, perhaps the fields are open or the 
manure is used principally for top 
dressing meadow land where better re¬ 
sults will be obtained by fall applica¬ 
tion with a spreader. 
It is, I think, a fairly safe state¬ 
ment to make, that the same amount 
of plant food in manure will bring 
Wiitc'f : 
S'itroKcn 
Acid 
Potash 
Va'ue 
Per cent 
LI)S. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Dollars 
. 78 
14 
5 
11 
o 
CO 
. 86 
12 
3 
9 
2.74 
. 68 
19 
7 
20 
4.74 
. 87 
10 
7 
8 
2.52 
once or twice during 
the sum ni e r season. 
Air, heat and water are always neces¬ 
sary for decay whether a fence post 
or a pile of manure, and if the change 
is to be uniform throughout the pile, 
then these three requirements must 
be uniformly present. Hit or miss pil¬ 
ing will not be satisfactory. 
Composition of one ton average ma¬ 
nure from farm animals: 
riiosplioric , 
;c'r XitroKcn 
lent IJ)s. 
Horse.78 
Cow.86 
Sheep.68 
Pig.87 
“Horse and sheep manures contain 
less water than that of cows or pigs 
and are known as ‘hot manures,’ be¬ 
cause their low water content permits 
rapid fermentation when stored. On 
the other hand the voidings of the cow 
and pig form ‘cold manures,’ the high 
water content checking fermentation. 
Sheep manure has the highest value 
per ton based on fertilizing constitu¬ 
ents; cow manure the lowest.” 
The foregoing table and paragraph 
is taken from Henry’s Feed and Feed¬ 
ing page 278, issue bf 1915. 
Again I quote Van Slykes table, page 
295, Feeds and Feeding: 
Nitrogen in Pliosplioiic Acid in Potash in 
Urine 
eco.< 
trine 
Feces 
Urine 
Feces 
Per ct. 
Per ct. 
Per ct. 
I’cr ct. 
Per ct. 
Per ct. 
Horse. . 
. 38 
62 
0 
100 
44 
56 
Cow. . . . 
51 
49 
0 
100 
85 
15 
Sheep.. 
. 48 
52 
5 
95 
70 
30 
Pig.... 
. 33 
67 
12 
88 
43 
57 
Average. 
43 
57 
4 
96 
60 
40 
I have used these tables for the 
benefit of our subscribers and others 
who may not have given time to study 
Whatever the right method of handling manure is—this is certainly not it 
more crop return applied to a good 
husky so(i with a spreader in the fall 
than in any other way. Grass roots 
will absorb plant food up to freezing 
time and they are then stronger and 
better able to go through the winter. 
The mulching effect is also valuable to 
which can be added the increased bac¬ 
terial growth near the surface, a pretty 
important part of grass growing. For 
corn growing there can be no question 
that direct-from-stable-to-field applica¬ 
tion is best. 
On the other hand, the trucker has 
a different set of problems to deal with. 
He wants rapid plant growth for plants 
that must have an excess of available 
plant food ready for them from start 
to finish, and this can not take place 
with coarse fresh farm manures. The 
organic matter must be decomposed by 
some sort of holding process. A cement 
pit is I^st where no liquid is lost. If 
this plan is not available^ then care¬ 
ful holding in piles is next best. Where 
considerable bedding is used, the loss 
will be small if the pile has perpendicu¬ 
lar sides and a dishing top that will hold 
uniformly distributed the summer rain¬ 
fall which will all be needed to decom¬ 
pose the mass. One can often notice 
piles, irregular in every way with the 
rainfall passing through it in spots. 
This means parts leached by excessive 
drainage and parts half dry fi’om lack 
of water. 
If very complete decomposition is de¬ 
sired, the pile should be forked over 
the difference in the make-up of farm 
manures, not including poultry which 
is in a class by itself. 
The Value of Sheep Manure 
Sheep manure is seen to be worth 
about 70 per cent more than cow ma¬ 
nure and is high in nitrogen, phosphoric 
acid and potash and low in its water 
content and if allowed to heat would 
lose nitrogen very rapidly. On the 
other hand it very seldom does, because 
in the summer it is tramped down 
tight expelling the air and literally 
canning it with no loss. There is not 
water enough anyway to leach out, with 
some bedding, and it will not heat. 
Sheep manure can-usually be depended 
upon to measure up to and use less than 
others, which are likely to have lost 
in handling. 
No one can tell how much to use 
of any animal manure. It is determined 
by the previous texture and fertility 
of the soil, the amount of moisture 
normally carried in the soil during the 
growing season, the amount of bedding 
and the state of decomposition. When 
the soil is in fine physical condition, 
always moist and open textured, less 
manure is required, although soil in 
this condition will safely take more 
coarse unrotted manure than a hard 
dry soil. Never forget that coarse 
green manure in a dry soil will be of 
little value beyond the liquids and may 
be a positive damage until rotted and 
{Continued on page 142) 
