219 
American Agriculturist, March 10,1923 
Renewing Crank Case Oil 
r 
mm 
E very automobile driver knows 
that his engine operates better for a 
while after every time he has the crank 
case drained and new oil put in; but the 
chances are he does not have it done 
more than about one-fourth as often as 
he really should do it. 
Even with the best of engines it is 
impossible to get such a close fit be¬ 
tween the pistons and the cylinders that 
there will be no leakage of gasoline into 
the crank case. A gradual leakage does 
occur, and fuel is neither a satisfac¬ 
tory lubricant nor does it help the oil 
any at all. It simply thins it out and 
helps to destroy its lubricating prop¬ 
erties, In cold weather the condition is 
much worse than in warm weather, be¬ 
cause there is the tendency to use the 
carburetor choke, thus forcing an extra 
large supply of fuel into the cylinders 
which are already cold, and the excess 
fuel, instead of being burned, finds its 
way down into the crank case. 
In summertime the crank case oil 
should be renewed every 1,000 miles. In 
winter this should be reduced to every 
500 miles, depending upon the type of 
engine character of service and the kind 
of oil used. If the matter is not at¬ 
tended to, serious damage to the engine 
is likely to result. The proper time to 
drain the engine is when it is hot—that 
is, just after a run has been completed. 
All the oil should be removed. The 
practice of flushing with kerosene is 
questionable. It may remove some of 
the sediment, but operating the engine 
when kerosene is the lubricant is dan¬ 
gerous. It is better to spend a few 
cents on an extra quart or so of oil and 
use this to flush the engine, draining 
this oil out after it has been used. Old 
crank case oil which has been thorough¬ 
ly filtered can be ufeed satsfactorily 
also. 
OIL NOT ALWAYS AT FAULT 
It has come to be a sort of habit to 
blame the lubrication or the lubricating 
system for many of the troubles which 
afflict automobile and truck engines. 
One condition may develop which causes 
faulty lubrication, but which really re¬ 
sults from something else. When the 
carburetor becomes very badly fouled 
with dirt, it is very difficult to adjust; 
the needle point may be badly worn; 
and the seats may be burred. At a 
glance it is practically impossible to 
adjust the carburetor when it is in such 
a condition, and the tendency then will 
be to use the choke too much, resulting 
in a mixture too rich for satisfactory 
combustion. The direct result of this 
will be the absorption of a large amount 
of fuel into the lubricating oil film, 
diluting it to such an extent that the 
crank case oil supply will also become 
diluted. On a certain truck run with 
a partly closed choke, the lubricating 
oil absorbed almost a gallon of gasoline 
in about half an hour. 
The indicator on the engine may show 
there is plenty of oil and the operator 
may be led to believe that his engine is 
very economical in regard to lubricat¬ 
ing oil; but the facts of the case are 
that the original oil has been used up, 
and has been replaced by gasoline work¬ 
ing past the pistons. 
Lack of Power the Result 
This inadequate lubrication will re¬ 
sult in a lack of power, and the operator 
will then open the throttle wider, the 
engine will become overheated, and the 
first thing we know we will have 
grooved pistons and rings and cylinders, 
and may even have burned out some 
bearings. 
The remedy for this condition is never 
to use the choke except when starting 
the engine, and then never use it any 
more than necessary. If the crank case 
oil is drained out periodically, it will 
be further insurance of sucessful opera¬ 
tion. In cold weather the crank case 
should be drained oftener than in warm 
weather, on account of the increased 
difficulty of combustion and the possi¬ 
bility of greater leakage past the 
pistons. 
Care for the Harness — Frequent 
cleaning and oiling and timely repair¬ 
ing will save time and will add many 
years to the life of a set of harness. 
Rivets and wire are all right in an 
emergency in repairing a b^reak, but 
they should be replaced promptly by 
more durable repairs, such as staples. 
SOCONY MOTOR OIL 
fir TRACTOR LUBRICATION 
Better Work—Less Cost 
No days lostfrom plowing, harrowing, 
harvesting, or hauling—ample, de¬ 
pendable power and no breakdowns, 
whatever the job. That’s real year- 
round service—the kind your tractor 
will give if it gets the right care. 
Much depends on correct lubrica¬ 
tion. 
Socony Motor Oil stands the extra 
high operating heat tractor engines 
develop—whether you burn kerosene 
or gasoline. Maintains full compres¬ 
sion. Protects bearings, cylinders and 
valve mechanism with an oil cushion 
that defeats friction. Keeps tractors 
full-powered and long-lived at least 
cost for overhauling and repairs. 
The Socony Motor Oil chart will 
tell you the correct grade for your 
tractor. Ask your dealer to show 
you, or write us direct. 
Socony Gear Oil 
Socony Cup Grease 
For satisfactory engine service and economy 
of operation buy all your oils, greases and 
fuel under the Socony Sign. 
STANDARD OIL CO. OF NEW YORK 
'"■^0 
Ss 
5 
mm \ 
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237 Elm Street, Milford, Ind. 
Write today for free instruction 
book and "Evidence of Concep¬ 
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Registered Patent Lawyer, 904 Southern Build¬ 
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