American Agriculturist, March 10, 1923 
2‘/A 
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REeuiiorr 
theCKAirai 
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Green Mountain 
Is The Herd Plan Sound? 
Questions About The Herd Plan in New York 
I T is my purpose in By H. E. 
this article to ask 
some questions relative to the sound¬ 
ness of the so-called accredited herd 
plan and the methods under which it 
is being put into effect in New York 
State. Lest I be misunderstood and 
thought to have some personal griev¬ 
ance, I want to state in the beginning 
that I have had tuberculin tested cattle 
for several years and during the last two 
years have had herds under the accred¬ 
ited herd plan. I have always been 
accorded every courtesy by the state 
and federal officials in charge of accred¬ 
ited herd work. I have reciprocated in 
a small degree by working to get legis¬ 
lative appropriations to carry on the 
work. I am convinced that practically 
everyone connected either at Washing¬ 
ton or Albany with the supervision of 
accredited herd work is sincerely try¬ 
ing to do his best. The questions which 
I raise, therefore, have no personal 
animus or desires as a basis. They are 
simply raised that we may think more 
carefully about a proposition which is 
fundamental to the agricultural welfare. 
The accredited herd plan was origi¬ 
nally intended to provide for three- 
cornered cooperation between the 
officials of the Bureau of Animal In- 
dustry, the livestock sanitary officials of 
the various states, and livestock owners. 
It was based on an agreement be¬ 
tween the federal representatives and 
the state representatives, who in turn 
entered into a written contract with the 
cattle owner, whereby he agreed “to 
submit his entire herd to a tuberculin 
test; to slaughter, under inspection, any 
animals showing clinical or physical 
evidence of tuberculosis; to remove all 
reacting animals from the herd; to use 
reacting bulls under precaution; to heat 
milk and milk products from reacting 
cows to 150 degrees Fahrenheit for at 
least twenty minutes before using for 
any purpose whatever; to remove all 
calves from reacting cows at birth and 
maintain such calves on premises free 
from infection of tuberculosis and feed 
them only on milk from cows which 
have passed a satisfactory tuberculin 
test, or upon pasteurized milk (from 
reactors); to allow no cattle to associate 
with the herd, which have not passed 
two tuberculin tests approved by the 
federal or state officials; and to thor¬ 
oughly disinfect, premises where tuber¬ 
culous cattle have been harbored.” 
The Accredited Herd Certificate 
If after operating under such a plan, 
a cattle owner’s herd passes two clean 
annual, or three semi-annual tuberculin 
tests, he is issued a so-called accredited 
herd certificate. With such a certifi¬ 
cate he is permitted to ship his cattle 
inter-state, without further tuberculin 
test, for a period of one year, such per¬ 
mission, however, being subject to the 
regulations of the state of destination. 
Because breeders of purebred cattle 
usually depend on sales out of the state 
for a good part of their revenue, it can 
be seen that an accredited herd certifi¬ 
cate constitutes a real asset to the 
owner of a purebred herd. 
The New York State Farms and 
Markets Law provides for the payment 
of indemnities for reacting animals by 
the state in amounts not to exceed 
$112.50 per head for registered pure¬ 
bred animals and $67.50 per head for 
.qrade animals. The United States 
Government, when appropriations are 
available, pays one-third of the differ¬ 
ence between the appraised value and 
the salvage or proceeds from the sal¬ 
able parts, (usually hide and carcass), 
in amounts not to exceed $50 per head 
for registered purebred animals and 
$25 per head for grade animals. In 
no case may the owner receive more 
than the appraised value of an animal. 
Apprai.sal State Federal 
Value Salvage Indemnity Indemnity 
Grade Dairy 
^ Cow. $90.00 $20.00 $67.50 $2.50 
Grade Dairy 
Cow. 50.00 20.00 30.00 . 
Beef Animal 30.00 30.00 . 
Purebred reg 
dairy cow.. 200.00 25.00 112.50 50.00 
Purebred reg 
dairy cow.. 150.00 20.00 112.50 17.50 
Purebred reg 
dairy cow.. 100.00 20.00 80.00 . 
According to the records of the De¬ 
partment of Farms and Markets, the 
BABCOCK first test under the ac¬ 
credited herd plan in 
the State of New York was made May 
27-28, 1918. The work was carried on 
until 1919 without the owners receiving 
federal indemnity for reacting cattle. 
In the Spring of 1919, the legislature 
amended the New York State law and 
a working agreement was signed allow¬ 
ing breeders to receive federal indem¬ 
nity for reacting animals. In December, 
1919, a further amendment was made' 
permitting owners of grade animals to 
enjoy the benefits of the plan. 
The first accredited herd certificate 
was issued May 15, 1919, at which time 
123 herds were under supervision. 
Work Makes Rapid Progress 
From its inauguration until the pres¬ 
ent time the work of applying the 
accredited herd plan has made rapid 
progress in New York State. In a 
report recently issued by the Depart¬ 
ment of Farms and Markets at Albany, 
the following figures appear, covering 
a period from July 1, 1918, to December 
1, 1922. 
July 1, 1918_ 
Jauuary 1, 1919. 
July 1, 1919. . . . 
January 1, 1920. 
July 1, 1920_ 
January 1, 1921. 
July 1, 1921_ 
January 1, 1922. 
July 1, 1922. . . . 
December 1, 1922 
Once Tested Clean 
Accredited 
Herd 
CaUle 
Herd 
Cattle 
J, 
93 
• • • • • 
15 
287 
64 
527 
”” i 
’ "'i9 
113 
1,257 
16 
157 
228 
2,704 
45 
501 
270 
8,205 
67 
1,620 
2,128 
30,920 
123 
3,797 
2,692 
37,357 
289 
6.246 
4,909 
58,017 
685 
14,278 
8,989 
103,644 
1,030 
19,077 
From Individual to Area Plan 
When the accredited herd plan was 
first made available, as might be ex¬ 
pected it was taken advantage of by 
individuals scattered throughout the 
whole state. For the most part these 
constituted progressive purebred breed¬ 
ers, some of whom had been battling 
the disease for years and other of whom 
were interested because of the possibil¬ 
ity of securing an accredited herd cer¬ 
tificate with a minimum of risk. Others 
early saw the opportunity to dispose of 
herds which they knew to be tubercular 
to the state for the indemnity money. 
Of late, under the leadership of the 
Federal Bureau of Animal Industry 
officials, there has been introduced the 
so-called area plan of cooperation under 
which the applications of scattered 
individuals are ignored in favor of con¬ 
centrated work with cattle owners on 
the basis of a township or a county. 
At the present time, owing to the 
activities of federal officials and to the 
support of those whom they have en¬ 
listed within the state, the trend is 
toward a greater and greater employ¬ 
ment of so-called area drives, in an 
attempt to wipe out tuberculosis within 
a given section. 
While I have not attempted to go 
into detail, I believe what I have written 
sums_ up the essentials of the situation 
relative to the application of the ac¬ 
credited herd plan as it stands today, 
and in connection with the same I would 
like to ask a few pertinent questions for 
readers of the American Agriculturist 
to think about. 
The Matter of Indemnities 
The state already owes to owners of 
cattle which have reacted and been 
slaughtered under the test, close to two 
million dollars. Should this back in¬ 
demnity which now stands against the 
state at 6 per cent be appropriated by 
the present legislature and enough 
additional funds appropriated to pay 
for indemnities as they are incurred in 
the state? 
It would appear to be bad business 
from the point of view of the owners 
and the state to have the payment of 
indemnities behind, anywhere from one, 
to two years. The owner does not have 
the use of his money and under the law, 
after the claim is established, the state 
has to pay the owner 6 per cent on the 
amount thereof. This would seem to be 
expensive money for the state to borrow. 
Is the Area Plan Sound? 
As stated above, due in my opinion 
largely to the leadership of the U. S. 
Bureau of Animal Industry authorities, 
the present tendency is to use more and 
more the so-called area of testing, 
under which an attempt is made to test 
all of the cattle in a given area with 
