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American Agriculturist, April 7,\l923 
Editorial Pa^e of the American 
American 
Agriculturist 
Founded 1842 
Henry Morgenthau, Jr .Publisher 
E. R. Eastman ........ Editor 
Fred W. Ohm .Associate Editor 
Gabrielle Elliot .... Household Editor 
Birge Kinne . . . . . Advertising Manager 
H. L. VoNDERLiETH . . . Circulation Manager 
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Published Weekly by 
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Address all correspondence for editorial, advertising, or 
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Entered as Second-Class Matter, December 15, 1922, at the 
Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879. 
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VOL. Ill April 7, 1923 NO. 14 
Milo D. Campbell 
N the passing of Milo D. Campbell, whose 
death we announced last week, farm people 
have sustained an irreparable loss. 
The success or failure of all cooperative 
work among farmers depends to a very great 
extent upon their leaders. What farmers 
need to-day are leaders from their own num¬ 
ber who are men with vision and ability who 
can stand steadfast against the discourage¬ 
ment which comes from the indifference and 
criticism of their supporters, and men who 
cannot be influenced by jealousy, ambition or 
other selfish motives. Such men are few in¬ 
deed, but Mr. Campbell measured high on 
all of these qualifications. 
For years Mr. Campbell was president of 
the National Milk Producers’ Federation, 
and much of the national legislation passed 
recently for the benefit of dairymen stands 
as a monument to his skilled and persistent 
work for it. 
A farmer himself, Mr. Campbell under¬ 
stood farmers, and no man in America could 
express more forcefully or more clearly 
problems which farmers must meet. None 
of the thousands of men in the East, as well 
as throughout America, who were privileged 
to hear him will forget his speeches which 
alternated bubbling humor with earnest ap¬ 
peals for farm people to stand as a rock in 
cooperation to improve farm conditions, but 
to always keep the needs of the nation above 
those of any class. 
E. R. Zimmer 
T is with great sorrow that we announce 
the death of our friend, E. R. Zimmer, who 
died at his home in Syracuse on March 22 of 
pneumonia. 
Mr. Zimmer was, since its organization, 
the secretary of the New York Holstein 
Friesian Association, and to his efforts more 
than to those of any other person, must be 
credited the progress and success that have 
been made by the Holstein men through their 
State association. 
Before accepting this position, Mr. Zim¬ 
mer was manager of the Farm Bureau in 
Tioga County, New York, where he was 
known and loved by practically every farmer 
in the county, and where he worked hard to 
bring prosperity to the farm people that he 
served. 
Mr. Zimmer was another leader whom 
farmers could ill afford to lose. His death 
is especially sad because he was a young man 
with every indication of long years of ef¬ 
fective service ahead of him. His was a 
quiet, gentle personality, but always strong 
and steadfast for those principles which he 
thought right. The many thousands of farm 
people living from one end of the State to 
the other who were privileged to know Mr. 
Zimmer will mourn with us in the loss of a 
farm leader of ability and integrity, and in 
the loss of a loyal and worth while friend. 
Will Cooperation Destroy 
Individualism ? 
A merican individualism has had much 
to do with the rapid development of our 
nation’s civilization. The necessity of working 
alone and solving one’s own problems with¬ 
out outside help, whether on the farm or in 
the small manufactories of early times, 
taught men to think and to develop great 
power for individual initiative and action. 
It is said that the chief reason why Ameri¬ 
cans are probably the best soldiers in the 
world is their power to conform to general 
discipline, but at the. same time use their 
heads in individual thought and action at the 
proper time. It has always been hard to 
throw an American army into a rout, be¬ 
cause there was not only the morale of the 
division or regiment to overcome, but also 
the morale of every man who insisted on 
staying and settling the argument indi¬ 
vidually. 
The development of the great manufac¬ 
tories founded upon the division of labor, 
where workmen in the factories do only one 
kind of work, and the coming of the labor 
unions have without question lessened the 
city laborer’s power and opportunity for in¬ 
dividual thought and action. It is an in¬ 
teresting question, what effect cooperation 
among the farmers will have in interfering 
with individualism. 
Herbert Hoover, in a recent interesting 
little book called “American Individualism,” 
raises the thought of whether or not our en¬ 
thusiasm for organization is to mean “a new 
sort of tyranny destroying the foundation 
of individualism.” 
W'e agree with Professor Carver, the great 
economist, when he says, “I think we should 
not be too hasty in applying the cooperative 
principle to the production end of farming. 
Obviously, you can’t roll a steel rail in a 
blacksmith’s shop; a large mill is needed. 
But there are kinds of work that can be done 
better on a small scale, and this appears to 
apply to farming, despite all the talk we 
hear about syndicating the business. I don’t 
think you can beat the one family farm.” 
On the other hand, all of us have come to 
realize that cooperation is absolutely neces¬ 
sary on the sales end. But the proper kind 
of cooperation, even in the sales of farm 
products, will aid and strengthen individual 
effort if there is mutual confidence in and be¬ 
tween officers and rank and file, if there are 
no secret closed sessions of a select few, if 
the management listens carefully to all the 
suggestions from the membership and if th6 
membership attends meetings and takes an 
active part in the affairs of the organization. 
A particularly good example of the recog¬ 
nition of the individual member by a co¬ 
operative organization is the plan now being 
carried out by the Western New York Fruit 
Growers’ Packing Association. Through its 
board of representatives and its executive 
committee, it has elected by informal ballot 
eight special committees with a total mem¬ 
bership of approximately twenty-five men. 
These men have been carefully chosen, not 
Agriculturist 
only for their constructive leadership and 
suggestions, but so as to represent nearly all 
of the local units and the special problems 
of the organization. 
These committees include four commodity 
committees which are to deal particularly 
with the special fruit commodity problems. 
They also include committees on production, 
finances, organization, and purchase of sup¬ 
plies. Most of the committees have already 
met, and the best thought of some of the 
best fruit growers in Western New York is 
being earnestly given to the solution of many 
vexing problems. Not only will this result 
in the nearest approach to the solution of 
these problems as is possible at the present 
time, but what is more important it is certain 
to strengthen the confidence of the individual 
member in his organization and in its man¬ 
agement and will build up a real cooperative 
spirit and develop an individualism alive to 
public service as well as to its own oppor¬ 
tunities. 
Shall I Invest In Land ? 
I N 1910, the population of the United 
States was, in round numbers, 92,000,000 
people. In 1920, it was 105,000,000 and it 
is now estimated to be better than 110,000,- 
000. In other words, we have had an in¬ 
crease in our population in thirteen years of 
nearly 19,000,000 people. The Census of 1920 
showed that from 1910 to 1920 rural popula¬ 
tion, including small villages, increased 3.2 
per cent, while the city population increased 
28.8 per cent. If we are to judge by history 
' of other countries, there is every reason to 
believe that the people will continue to in¬ 
crease in number and that the city will grow 
faster than the country. While this great 
body of consumers has been increasing so 
rapidly, the cheap, abundant, fertile lands, 
the great food reservoirs of the country have 
been decreasing, and there are no more that 
can be developed except at high cost per acre. 
There is but one conclusion to all of these 
facts, and that is, the demand for agricul¬ 
tural products must steadily increase. This 
is a valuable fact to keep in mind to add to 
the points made by Dr. Ladd in the feature 
article in this issue on buying a farm. If the 
farmers of America, of the present and 
future, are intelligent enough to make sure, 
through organization or other good market¬ 
ing methods, of obtaining their just share 
of the consumer’s dollar, then the future of 
farming must be better than it has ever been 
in the past. 
We believe that this is a good time to in¬ 
vest in land, providing that investment is 
carefully made at conservative values, and 
providing also that it is made, not with the 
hope of large immediate returns, but rather 
with the assurance that the large increasing 
demand for agricultural products will insure 
the farrner of the future who uses intelligent 
production and marketing methods as ade¬ 
quate return for labor and capital wisely 
invested. 
Look Out for San Jose Scale 
O N the next page we have taken great care 
to work out some seasonable directions 
for treating seed and for spraying orchards. 
We call your especial attention to this page 
and suggest that you preserve it carefully 
for reference at future times when you may 
need it. 
In connection with spraying, may we sug¬ 
gest to apple growers that the San Jose scale 
is again spreading very^ rapidly and that 
special attention should be given "this year to 
spraying for its control., At one time the 
San Jose scale threatened the entire apple 
industry of the East, but the persistent use 
of lime-sulphur or scalecide overcame the 
menace until the spraying was discontinued. 
Now the scale is gaining- ground again. 
