f 
312 
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Registered Patent Lawyer, 904 Southern Build¬ 
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Engine Prices 
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OPERATIVE TOBACCO UNION, Paducah, Ky. 
American Agriculturist, April t, 1923 
Growing Heavier Oats 
This Farmer Did It With Little Extra Effort 
I N sections where win- By W. E. 
ters are long farm¬ 
ers prefer crops which require cultiva¬ 
tion, as corn and potatoes, to be fol¬ 
lowed by oats, grass to be seeded in the 
oats as a catch crop, rather than follow 
oats with wheat. Some farmers suc¬ 
ceed quite well by omitting wheat from 
the rotation even where winters are 
not severe. But I am not ready to 
admit that it is the better plan in order 
to secure a good stand of grass and 
clover. We do not consider oats a 
desirable companion crop for young 
grass. Wheat, rye or barley make for 
better nurse crops. I will concede that 
in sections where seasons are short and 
winters long and severe, farmers are 
quite wise to adopt a shorter rotation 
better adapted to their climatic con¬ 
ditions. 
The old reliable rotation of corn, 
oats, wheat, clover and timothy, is a good 
one where the fai'mer desires to make 
oats a part of the rotation. The clover 
and timothy are seeded in the wheat. 
Rye may be substituted for the wheat. In 
this plan, the preparation of the soil is 
so managed, when seeded to oats, as to 
make for best results when seeded to 
wheat following the removal of th.' 
oats crop. This calls for the plowin > 
of oats ground at times when it is not 
too wet or early enough, so it will yet 
freeze out thoroughly. 
Oats ground plowed too wet will not 
bring good oats, and will cause fall 
preparation for wheat to result in 
cloddy soil. Beware of plowing too 
wet. You will wish you had not done it, 
regardless of the crop grown. 
Acid Phosphate the Preferred 
Fertilizer 
S OME few farmers here use a com¬ 
plete fertilizer. Others use only a 
phosphorus carrier whicb is most easily 
obtained in IG per cent acid phosphate. 
Personally, we favor the acid phosphate 
where soil is good to really fertile. It 
insures a better yield of grain and less 
tendency to soft straw that will go 
down before .cutting time. 
I happen to think now of a farmer 
who uses no 16 per cent acid phosphate 
and is bitterly prejudiced against it. 
On a piece of ground which brings 
bumper corn crops, the oats and wheat 
lodge before they ripen, and usually 
cause severe loss to him. The soil is 
rich, but the straw is too weak to stand 
up under all sorts of weather. Usually 
a complete fertilizer is used, which 
greatly aids in causing the grain to 
lodge. It is certain that if he would 
use acid phosphate his crop would 
likely stand up better and ripen a week 
to ten days earlier, with a possible 
heavier yield. 
Where soil is not fertile, it is a good 
plan to use a complete fertilizer, but it 
should analyze pretty high in phos¬ 
phoric acid, since it causes stiffen straw 
and an earlier ripening. All this is 
desirable in an oats crop. We use fer¬ 
tilizer quite liberally, and feel certain 
that in most instances it pays to use 
anywhere from 160 to 300 pounds of acid 
phosphate per acre. On thin soil, use a 
like amount of complete fertilizer. As 
before stated, phosphoric acid hastens 
ripening, which is decidedly desirable 
when we wish to use the oats ground 
for wheat. The earlier wheat ground 
is plowed, the . better are the miances 
for a wheat yield. 
Oats a Cool Weather Crop 
I N most localities, whether we follow 
oats with wheat or grass, it is a good 
plan to sow the oats early, as oats is a 
cool-weather plant, and it will develop 
better in the early summer months. If 
grass is sown, it will also do better if it 
makes a good start before the hot sum¬ 
mer days begin. It is our practice to sow 
oats as early as we can, depending on 
the fitness of the soil to till. We haye 
raised good oats that was sown in 
March, however, March-sown oats are 
an exception rather than the rule. If 
we can sow the oats between April 1 
and 15, we feel that we have made a 
good beginning. Oats sown during the 
latter half of April stands a good 
chance. But it is far from desirable. 
Early sown oats means that the crop 
is out of the way for giving proper 
attention to the corn crop, and that 
FARVER there is a better op¬ 
portunity for prepar¬ 
ing the seed bed for wheat in the fall, 
as well as greater chances for a good 
yield. Late oats rarely yield well. 
In plowing corn stubble for oats, we 
aim to plow deep enough to throw on 
top all the sod turned under the previ¬ 
ous spring for corn. Thorough disk¬ 
ing and harrowing gives a firm, mellow 
seed bed, which conserves moisture for 
the growing crop. We sometimes use the 
roller on oats ground previous to sow¬ 
ing, permitting the roller to precede 
the drill. As a rule, however, we run 
the roller over the fields when the oats 
is from IV 2 inches to two inches high. 
We have followed this practice for a 
number of years with very good results, 
and so have neighboring farmers. 
Clean, Treated Seed Essential 
T here is more connected with the 
choosing of a suitable variety of oats 
than many suspect. There are varie¬ 
ties especially adapted to all sections. 
It is our duty to find which variety is 
most suitable for our immediate sec¬ 
tion. Here in our county, farmers have 
been very enthusiastic and persevering 
in their effoi’ts to find the one best 
variety suited to our section. Many 
varieties have been tried out here, but 
the variety known as Ohio 8453 has 
proven best adapted for us. Through 
the _ efforts of the county agent, this 
variety has been brought into our 
midst. In choosing a variety, it is well 
to consider early ripening, a medium¬ 
sized stiff straw, combined with a 
heavy yield. 
We would not think of sowing oats 
without first running them over a 
fanning mill, using a good blast of wind 
to drive out the light grains and chaff. 
It is very easy to get a grade of oats 
in this way th^t overruns in weight. 
We aim to have well-cured oats for 
seed. We like it from shocks which had 
little or no rain. For best results, it 
should be stored in a dry, well-venti¬ 
lated bin. We find this necessary to 
good germination. We also'find it pays 
to test the seed previous to sowing and 
also previous to treatment for smut, 
for we find from experience that we 
dare not omit the formalin treatment. 
We have used both the wet and dry 
treatments with equally good results, 
but prefer the dry treatment because 
of the less work connected. 
Usually farmers who hurry through 
their work give the oats crop more 
promises than real honest-to-goodness 
labor when preparing the soil, and then 
wonder why the crop responds likewise. 
The secret lies in the fact that oats, 
like all other crops, will bring yields, 
compared to ^he care, interest and 
attention we give it. 
SEED SPECULATION IS COSTLY 
Seed brokers, jobbers and dealers 
throughout America continue to specu¬ 
late on seed, sometimes with gains to 
themselves and sometimes with losses. 
Their speculations pertain strictly to 
the cash value of the seed, hence their 
gains and losses are limited to market 
fluctuations. 
On the other hand, the farmer is 
speculating on the productive value of 
the seed he buys, and if things are 
going bad, he has no way of getting 
out. For instance, if he has planted the 
seed and he later finds to his sorrow 
that it is not productive or adapted, 
he cannot sell the seed and take a par¬ 
tial loss, but faces the loss not only of 
the full value of the seed, but also of a 
crop far greater in value than that of 
the seed. He has no way of covering 
on his loss or of quickly selling out, but 
must stand by and take the loss. 
Buying seed where the quality and 
vigor is not k'nown, is a gamble. It is 
an impossibili^r to accurately forecast 
■ future prices. ’^However, it is not only 
possible, but practical to forecast the 
future productivity of the seed. 
Farmers’ experiences, together with 
the demonstrations conducted by the 
various farm bureaus and agricultural 
colleges, have clearly^rought out the 
fact that buying »|d without the 
origin and quality be^Dji^own, is tak¬ 
ing a big, costly gar^^^B i 
