342 
American Agriculturist, April 14,1923 
Keep on Feeding 
Concentrates 
A RATION made up of 37.4 lbs. com 
silage and 14.5 lbs. alfalfa hay has less 
than 4% protein and is not to be considered 
as a milk producing ration. 
Diamond Corn Gluten Meal has more 
than 10 times this much protein. One sack 
of Diamond contains more protein than half 
a ton of the home-grown ration. Think of 
this when you think of obtaining protein 
economically. 
If you feed concentrates:^ 
(1) You can market more of your 
alfalfa or grow other paying crops 
on the same land. 
(2) You can get a milk flow that 
will pay a good profit over the cost 
of feed. 
(3) You can be assured of the 
good health of your herd. 
Roughages are O.K. for giving bulk to the 
ration but should never be used as the sole 
feed. 
Base your ration on Diamond Com Gluten 
Meal or Buffalo Corn Gluten Feed—the two 
milk making concentrates that are in 
poo POUNDS N&l 
S-U 
.iEMi 
tJjOftIN minimum 
fffT-;• minimum. 
. maximum 
GLUTEN MEAl^ 
i&lKISIIffHi," 
40% Protein 
EVERY LIVE 
DEALER’S STOCK 
and 
EVERY GOOD 
DAIRY RATION 
Corn Products Refining Co. 
New York Chicago t 
i;- icro POUNDS 
31 ^ MIHIKIUM Ig ! 
MAXUBIM 8-5^ 
23% Protein 
POULTRY RATIONS 
i(flOWT 2 Ingredients of I^ou/n Quali^ 
in l^oivn Proportions 
Poultry Feeding 
^ specialists at the colleges 
of agriculture in the 
territory served by the 
Cooperative Grange League 
Federation have approved 
the formulas of G.L.F. Rations. 
Practical Poultrymen 
® using the rations the year around 
report excellent results. 
Feed G.L.F. Rations and 
you will know just what your 
birds are eating. 
See your G.L.F. Agent or write 
for booklet of formulas. • 
The Coop. G.L.F. Exchange, loc. 
S^'icase, New York 
Five Distinctive Features: 
1. G.L.F. Poultry rations contain 
a larger variety of ingredients than 
is usually available in your locality. 
2. The quality of the ingredients 
and the pounds of each are stated. 
3. The digestible nutrients in each 
ration are high and the fibre con¬ 
tent is low. 
4. Dried buttermilk and dried 
skimmed milk are used and the 
animal proteins are high. 
5. Accurately operated mechanical 
mixtures make a thoroughly 
mixed and uniform ration. 
SECURED. Send sketch or 
model of your invention 
for examination. Write for 
FREE, book and advice. 
JACOBI & JACOBI, 378 Ouray Bldg., Washington, D. C. 
FirPmPn Rmlrpmen *teginners,S150-$2r)0monthly;rail- 
UldnciliCII roadseverywhere (which position?) 
Railway Association, Desk W-16, Brooklyn, N, Y, 
KITSELMAN FENCE 
“I Saved $95.18," says John W. 
Kemp, Alton, Ind. You, too, can save. 
We Pay the Freight. "Write for Free 
Catalog of Farm, Poultry, Lawn Fence. 
_ KITSELMAN BROS. Dept.203MUWCIE, IND. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
Cutting Costs With Beets 
A Means of Getting More Out of Our Purchased Feeds 
AIRYMEN’S By ALLEN 
efforts toward eco¬ 
nomic production have led to an almost 
universal use of the silo, and, within 
the past few years, to the extensive use 
of alfalfa and soy beans. 
Those who have calculated not only 
savings, but the quantity of milk ob¬ 
tained through use of home-grown 
feeds, have further turned their atten¬ 
tion to pedigreed mangels—“cow beets.” 
Several factors have entered into the 
study of mangels and their use. Some 
are found in the shifting conditions 
which require dairymen to modify, from 
time to time, their systems of manage¬ 
ment. Others are in the reports coming 
from agricultural experiment stations. 
Consider first the purely economic 
causes. It was less than a generation 
ago that New York and the New Eng¬ 
land States were the great center of 
dairy production. In those days the 
by-products of the flour and linseed oil 
mills of the Northwest and the cotton 
oil mills of the South were shipped to 
them to be fed to dairy cattle. Then, 
one could buy bran for $9 a ton and 
linseed and cotton seed meal for about 
$15 a ton, less than one-third of what 
they cost to-day. 
Competition Coming In Rapidly 
N OW, according to recent census, 
Minnesota and Wisconsin have as 
many milch cows as New York. Iowa 
and Illinois are not far behind. The 
Western States are not only competing 
with New York and New England for 
dairy feeds, but they are competing 
with one another. The supply of bran 
is not increasing and cotton and linseed 
meal are diminishing. 
Freight rates have increased so that 
they are a serious factor in using con¬ 
centrates. 
The total cost of purchased feeds, in 
brief, has advanced at a rate out of 
proportion to the cost of other produc¬ 
tion factors and the price which dairy 
products bring on the market. 
The use of silage, alfalfa and the 
so;y bean grew out of these conditions 
within the memory of those now ac¬ 
tively engaged in feeding cows. Each 
represents a step in the dairyman’s 
progress toward growing his own feeds. 
Each brings him nearer to his desire 
to be independent of the by-products of 
mills located at a distance, which carry 
in addition to their initial cost the bur 
den of high freight charges. Use of 
mangels is one possible means by which 
Eastern farmers can meet the high cost 
of feeds. 
While they have been fed to live stock 
in Europe for more than 300 years, it 
was not until official testing had been 
well started in this country that man¬ 
gels began to be fully appreciated by 
the American farmer. Then their popu¬ 
larity increased so rapidly and their 
use in the test ration became so gen- 
,eral that an experienced tester now 
hesitates to feed a test cow without hav¬ 
ing beets at hand, either fresh mangel 
beets or in the form of dried sugar- 
beet pulp. 
Fresh Beets More Practical 
I N increasing degree they will prob¬ 
ably be the fresh beets. It is diffi¬ 
cult to get a steady supply of dried 
pulp. It is a by-product from the 
sugar-beet factories. When it was first 
put on the market it sold at a moderate 
figure, for use principally in test ra¬ 
tions. Its wonderfully stimulating ef¬ 
fect upon the milk flow brought it 
popularity. After the war, however, 
the acreage of sugar beets was reduced 
and the supply of beet pulp was mate¬ 
rially curtailed. As a result, the price 
went up until the pulp sells now for 
considerably more than $50 a ton, an 
almost prohibitive cost. Moreover, 
there are long periods during the year 
when it is off the market entirely. 
Mangels have all the feeding quali¬ 
ties of dried beet pulp. They have the 
same tonic effect upon the cow, stimu¬ 
late the appqtite in the same way, and 
are just as much an aid to digestion. 
They are even more palatable, and be¬ 
cause they are fed fresh, furnish an 
unfermented natural succulence that 
keeps the system open and cool, a con¬ 
dition much to be desired in a high- 
class dairy cow. 
RIDGWAY The objection that 
formerly was made to 
mangels was the cost of producing 
them. This was relative and had no 
justification except when concentrates 
cost less than they do now, and when 
dried beet pulp was plentiful and cheap. 
The cost of growing mangels de¬ 
pends largely, if not entirely, upon the 
yield per acre. This, in turn, depends 
upon the source of the seed used. In 
some parts of Europe mangels are as 
important cattle feed as corn is here 
and the same scientific effort that 
Americans have devoted to corn has 
been, by the Europeans, used to in¬ 
crease the yield per acre and feed value 
of mangels. A number of high-yield¬ 
ing varieties, with a greater proportion 
of dry matter than is ordinarily found 
in mangels, have been developed. The 
seed_ from which they are grown is 
specifically pedigreed. 
A yield of 72 tons per acre has been 
produced from these seeds in the United 
States and reports from a large num¬ 
ber of growers in different parts of this 
country indicate an average crop of well 
over 32 tons per acre from these pedi¬ 
greed imported seeds. This average is 
lower than the yields made in Great 
Britain, but it is correspondingly higher 
than the yields obtained from ordinary 
seed. 
As to the feed value of mangels, the 
Cornell Experiment Station reports 
that they contain 12.75 per cent dry 
matter. A 32-ton yield per acre would 
contain, therefore, 8,160 pounds of dry 
matter. 
Henry, in his “Feeds and Feeding,” 
states that practically all the dry mat¬ 
ter in mangels is digestible. If it is 
assumed that even 90 per cent is diges¬ 
tible, a 32-ton yield would produce 
7,344 pounds, or 3.67 tons of digestible 
dry matter, a larger amount of digesti¬ 
ble dry matter than is produced with 
any other crop. 
Some Worthwhile Cost Facts 
W ING and Savage, as well as some 
Danish investigators, have found 
that the dry matter in mangels is equal 
in value, pound for pound, to the dry 
matter in grain, and that mangels may 
replace half the grain in the dairy ra¬ 
tion. An estimate based on these facts 
shows that an acre of mangels yielding 
32 tons, is worth, measured by the 
price of grain to-day, about $167. Care¬ 
fully kept figures show that pedigreed 
mangels can be grown for less than 
$4 per ton. 
Mangels fed with corn, .oats or soy 
beans for concentrates, and silage, 
clover, alfalfa or soy bean hay for 
roughage, will decrease the amount of 
land required for the maintenance of a 
cow, and in consequence increase the 
number of cows that can be fed with¬ 
out purchased feeds upon a farm of a 
given size. 
A ration made up of these home¬ 
grown feeds will not only keep up a sat¬ 
isfactory milk flow, but will reduce the 
cost of production so that the dairy¬ 
man can make a fair profit on his in¬ 
vestment. 
Legumes for Acid Soils 
{Continued from page 337) 
Inasmuch as vetch hay in feeding value 
is comparable to alfalfa, it looks to me 
like the use of vetch was worth while. 
In the market, garden sections on 
the sandy lands, vetch, has a consider¬ 
able place as a cover crop to live over 
the winter. Used in combination with 
rye, it _ is very satisfactory. In this 
connection, however, it is worth stating 
that experience with vetch on Long 
Island, has not been uniformly success¬ 
ful. It seems to be hard to establish 
for some unknown reason. However, 
this year on demonstration plots, after 
having had two partial failures, the 
vetch is going into the winter in very 
satisfactory condition. 
Throughout the southern tier counties 
of New York State, soybeans are show¬ 
ing up very well as a supplement to 
corn for silage at the lower elevations 
where the growing conditions are fairly 
favorable for corn. In general the best 
way of utilizing the soybeans for this 
purpose seems to be to plant them alone 
