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896 
American Agriculturist, May 5,1923 
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Saving Time and Space 
Efficiency in Intercropping Vegetables 
INTENSIVE garden- By PAUL WORK 
i ers frequently save 
land, labor and plant food by arranging 
for more than one crop to occupy the 
ground at the same time. One fairly 
common plan calls for setting early 
cabbage in rows, say 30 to 36 inches 
apart, spacing 
them at 14 to 16 
inches in the row. 
Lettuce plants 
are set at the 
same time be¬ 
tween the c a b- 
bages in the row, 
and a row of let¬ 
tuce is also set 
between the cab¬ 
bage rows. Under 
this scheme the 
one crop takes 
advantage of the 
time when the 
other does not 
fully occupy the 
ground, and it is 
removed by the time the main crop 
reaches good size. Some even go so 
far as to plant radishes between lettuce 
and cabbage. The radishes are then 
removed at four or five weeks, the let¬ 
tuce at eight weeks, and cabbage-cut¬ 
ting begins at nine or ten weeks. 
Another plan of inter-cropping al¬ 
lows crops to overlap for a few weeks, 
thus allowing two harvests when but 
one would otherwise be possible. Muck- 
land gardeners sometimes plant two 
rows of lettuce 14 inches apart, then 
skip one and repeat. As the lettuce 
nears maturity, celery plants are set in 
the vacant row. 
Inter-cropping is not without its 
disadvantages, each crop being more 
or less in the way of the other. Also 
there is almost sure to be some loss of 
space. It would be hard to realize much 
more than half a crop of lettuce between 
the cabbage. If the season will permit 
growing lettuce to maturity before cel- 
ei’y is planted, there will be, 50 per cent 
more plants of the first crop and the 
inconvenience in planting the one and 
harvesting the other will be avoided. 
It is hard to lay down rules. Those 
who like inter-cropping find almost 
countless combinations, each with its 
own advantages. Those to whom the 
idea does not appeal get along very well 
with one crop at a time. 
Fighting Cabbage Maggots 
Maggots seem to be growing more 
troublesome as time goes on. These 
tiny “worms,” or grubs, are really the 
larvae which hatch from the eggs of 
certain flies. There are many species, 
different ones for different plants. The 
cabbage maggot fly appears about the 
time early plants are set in the field, 
and the eggs hatch in time to do seri¬ 
ous damage. It is only recently that a 
satisfactory control measure has been 
devised. Corrosive sublimate in the 
usual one-to-a-thousand solution is ap¬ 
plied around the stem of the plant, 
using about half a cup each. The first 
application is made as soon as the 
plants are set and a second week later. 
Sometimes a third is advisable. The 
liquid may be poured on with a dipper 
or cup. Of late special devices with 
nozzle and valve have appeared on the 
market. 
The cabbage maggot is one of the 
worst foes of the early cabbage crop. 
Years ago, protection by means of tar 
paper disks was' proposed and this 
method has been rather widely praticed, 
although it is costly and it is difficult 
to make them effective. The disks must 
be close to the ground and yet must 
not have soil on top. More recently 
the use of corrosive sublimate has been 
tried in several States and is being 
widely adopted^ 
“The Cabbage Maggot,” Cornell 
Bulletin 413, by G. W. Hei^rick and 
Wallace Colman, reports recent ex¬ 
periments on the control of cabbage 
maggot by means of corrosive subli¬ 
mate, The authors advocate two to 
three treatments, a week apart, begin¬ 
ning a few days after setting, applying 
each time a quarter of a teacup of 
1,000 to 1 solution around the stem. 
The object is to wet the soil and stem 
with the solution. The cost per acre 
for two applications, including labor, 
is $18,25 and for three 
applications, $27.38, 
assuming 12,000 plants per acre. In 
the experiments the value of cabbage 
from treated plots was $190 higher 
than untreated plots. This large in¬ 
crease was partly due to the fact that 
the treated plants wei’e earlier and 
commanded higher price on the market. 
With 600 plants set in each area, the 
treated block gave 573 heads weighing 
1,245 pounds, worth by actual sale, 
$27.40. The untreated plot yielded 
472 heads weighing 916 pounds which 
sold' for ^$17.62. 
Cabbage Seed Treatment 
Black-leg of cabbage attracted a 
great deal of attention last year 
through its wide prevalence and the 
serious losses which it caused. Doubt¬ 
less conditions were especially favor¬ 
able in 1922, but even though the season 
of 1923 may be less favorable for the 
fungus, the very general infection of 
last year is likely to make the danger 
greater than usual. 
Black-leg is carried on the outside 
of seed coats, and also within the seed. 
It winters on dead material of cabbage 
and related plants. It is readily 
carried from field to field by horses, 
men, and equipment. Seed treatment, 
planting in fields that have not grown 
cabbage lately and care to avoid carry¬ 
ing, are all recommended precautions. 
Seed treatment by hot water is ad¬ 
vocated by Cornell pathologists. Or¬ 
dinarily, and for most diseases, the seed 
is immersed in water at a temperature 
of 133° F, for ten minutes. If it is 
suspected that the seed is infected with 
black-leg it is suggested that water at 
122° ‘ F for thirty minutes be used. 
This latter takes care of the disease 
both within and without the seed 
coats. At the same time, it is rather 
drastic and it usually reduces the germ¬ 
ination somewhat—sometimes as much 
as half, depending upon the viability 
and vigor of the seed before treatment. 
Hence it is necessary to have an ample 
supply of seed and to make a germina¬ 
tion test after treatment as a guide to 
the rate of sowing. 
Finishing Off Tomato Plants 
The care of tomato plants during 
the week or ten days before they go to 
the field is of great importance. At 
this time they become crowded, the 
weather is warm and there is every 
opportunity for them to grow soft and 
spindling, unless the watering is man¬ 
aged with skill. Plants ought not to 
be allowed to wilt but a surplus of 
water is even worse. A soft plant will 
not withstand chilly nights nor the 
whipping of hard winds. There is 
also reason to believe that well hard¬ 
ened plants are less attractive to cut¬ 
worms. 
Intensive vs Extensive Gardening 
The view has been expressed in this 
column and elsewhere that the old- 
fashioned market garden, with its small 
area, large proportion of hand work, 
difficult manure problem and generally 
intensive and costly practices, is grad¬ 
ually passing. 
C. E. Haw, a veteran and exceed¬ 
ingly skillful gardener at Syracuse, 
takes exception to this view. He says 
intensive gardening is still sound and 
will be largely practiced for a long 
time. His own place is his argument. 
Mr. Haw’s farm consists of 13 acres, 
which has received no manure for 15 
years save that supplied by two horses 
and a cow—now one horse and a cow. 
He specializes in early crops, tomatoes 
and sweet corn in particular, but others 
as well. All the land is seeded to rye 
in the fall, and the acres that are 
earliest free are seeded to vetch. He 
uses 2% tons of acid phosphate and 
1,500 pounds of nitrate. He has ap¬ 
plied no potash for four years. Now 
he begins to see the lack, and is buying 
1,500 pounds of muriate this season. 
He is confident that his soil is as good 
as 15 years ago, and he has fewer 
weeds. He plows under sweet corn 
stalks instead of feeding them, and so 
saves labor. Mr. Haw is using gaso¬ 
line power, and he thinks the horseless 
garden is not out of sight. 
k 
