American Agriculturist, May 12,1923 
419 
SKINNER HYDRAULIC 
BARREL HEADING PRESS 
Y^OUR packing 
^ equipment 
should include 
this well built, 
practical barrel 
press. Operated 
either by motor attached or by 
pulley from line shaft. Entirely self 
contained with pump mounted on 
base casting. Valves which raise 
and lower the hydraulic plunger are 
part of main base casting. Pump 
consumes no power except when 
actually pressing head into barrel. 
Work controlled by double foot 
pedal action. 
Other features of 
theSkinnerBarrel ' 
Press app>eal to 
busy packers. 
Wiile at once for full 
particulars and prices. 
Skinner Machinery Co. 
Fourth Street Dunedin, Florida 
., Dewberry, 
Blackberry, Loganberry, Gooseberry, 
BERRY PLANTS 
RIa elf b,»rr\/ I efianKerrt, 
Currant, Grape plants. 
VEGETABLE ROOTS 
Asparagus, Rhubarb, 
Horseradish roots. 
Hop, 
VEGETABLE PLANTS 
Onion, Beet, Sweet Potato, Pepper plants. 
FI ftWFR PI ANTS Hollyhock, Canterberry Bells, Fox- 
rLUTTLlV iLnlllij glove, SweetWilliam, Poppy, Phlox 
and other perennials; Pansy, Astor, Columbine, Salvia, Snap¬ 
dragon, Zinnia and other annuals ;Roses,Shrubs, (catalog free. 
HARRY B. SQUIRES HAMPTON BAYS, N. Y. 
GLADIOLUS^ORGEOUS 
Plant early and often. Our prize mix¬ 
ture of rare kinds. All bloom this year. 
Large bulbs, 100 for $3.00; 30 for $1.00; 
florist size, 100 for $1.75, or 50 for 
$1.00. Mammoth bulbs, 25 for $1.00, 
postpaid. 
R. J. GIBBINS MT. HOLLY, N. J. 
STRAWBERRY—DEWBERRY The Big Money Crops 
Grape Vines, Privet Hedge and other Plants that Piease, 
Asparagus Seed, WASHINGTON, and standard varieties: 
Cantaloupe, Tomato and other Seed that Yields. 
SPECIAL; Asparagus Crates, and waterproof linings. Catalog Free, 
V. R. ALLEN, 7 Lane Road, SEAFORD, DEL. 
FRIEND" Traction 
GASOLINE POWER SPRAYERS TOO 
POTATO SPRAYER 
HIGH PRESSURE 
DELTS 
SPROCKEIS 
TRIEMD>IFG.Co..Ga5port.NY 
yovu/kwAyiBcOLAoYi3vBoi/CftT^Rl£/iD 
isin® 
I iL^cmaihs 1 lUsi 
Strawberry Plants 
FOR SALE. Ask for Cata¬ 
log telling all about the 
great Early frost Proof straw¬ 
berry. “Horsey” and 40 other varieties. Luaetia Dewberry, $ 12 
per 1,000. Horseradish and other plants. 
J. KEIFFORD HALL, R. No. 1, REID’S GROVE, MD. 
GLADIOLI 
36 named bulbs, 6 colors, $1.00; 
12 different fancy bulbs, $1.00; 
GUARANTEED TO BLOSSOM. Get colored catalog. 
PIERCE BULB CO., WEST MEDWAY/ MASS. 
Strawberry Plants, Raspberry and Blackberry 
fresh dug and postpaid at farmers’ prices; circular on 
request. brookview farms, r-s, pulaski, n. y. 
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AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST a.u 
461 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK CITY 
Nitrogea Organic or Mineral? 
A Review of the New Jersey Experiments 
T he common as¬ 
sumption that the 
organic sources of nitrogen in fertil¬ 
izers have a more permanent and last¬ 
ing effect upon the average soil than 
the mineral sources, such as nitrate of 
soda or sulfate of ammonia, is not 
borne out by the results of experiments 
at the New Jersey Agricultural Ex¬ 
periment Station. 
The influence of nitrogen from 
mineral and from organic sources 
upon yield, and the relative propor¬ 
tions of these two forms that are 
“recovered” from the soil by assimil- 
eliminate other influ¬ 
ences each cylinder re¬ 
ceived annually an adequate supply 
of acid phosphate, muriate of potash, 
sulfate of potash and ground lime¬ 
stone. So far as it was possible to 
control conditions, then, the only dif¬ 
ferences between the cylinders was in 
the proportion of sand in the soil and 
the sources of nitrogen. 
Averaging all results, nitrate of ^da 
gave a higher average yield than dried 
blood—132.6 grams per cylinder to 120 
for the latter. Not only this, but the 
percentage of nitrogen recovered also 
By C. R. WOODWARD 
TABLE 1* 
Average Yield of Dry Matter and Percentage of Nitrogen Recovered from Soils 
Varying in Mechanical Composition, 1911-20 
Average Yield of Dry Matter 
Nitrogen Recovered 
Year 
Check 
Nitrate 
of Soda 
Dried 
Blood 
Nitrate 
of Soda 
Dried 
Blood 
1911. 
gm. 
174.lt 
gm. 
297.3t 
gm. 
260.7t 
per cent 
38.9t 
per cent 
. 24.3t 
1912. 
49.5 
89.7 
112.7 
35.3 
38.8 
1913. 
54.1 
96.3 
99.2 
41.8 
38.2 
1914..'. 
55.4 
125.3 
114.2 
64.4 
55.0 
1915. 
50.1 
127.4 
115.9 
57.0 
49.6 
1916. 
53.5 
151.3 
126.7 
60.2 
47.5 
1917. 
68.9 
166.8 
124.8 
62.3 
41.6 
1918. 
69.6 
167.3 
138.0 
53.3 
44,2 
1919. 
52.9 
119.5 
105.0 
48.3 
37.6 
1920. 
62.3 
149.8 
143.4 
51.6 
47.0 
Average. 
57.4 
132.6 
120.0 
52.7 
44.4 
* From the Annual Report of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station for 1921.' 
t Omitted from average (Corn grown in 1911). 
ation into the plant tissues, have been 
studied at this station a number of 
years. Recently a 10 -year experiment 
was brought to a close which revealed 
some interesting contrasts between the 
two types of nitrogenous fertilizer. 
The object of the study, which was 
begun in 1911, was to determine the 
relationship of these two sources of 
nitrogen with special reference to the 
mechanical composition of the soil. For 
this purpose 60 metal cylinders, about 
two feet in diameter and four feet 
deep, were sunk into the ground so 
that only about 4 inches of one end 
projected above the surface. They 
were arranged in 10 series of 6 each,, 
the soil of the different series varying 
from a heavy loam to pure sand. 
That is, the first series contained 100 
per cent heavy loam (no sand), the 
second, 10 per cent sand, the third. 
was larger, 52.7 per cent for the nitrate 
to 44.4 for the dried blood. 
Considering alone the second crop of 
the season, buckwheat, the average 
yi(flds of dry matter were actually 
greater with dried blood than with 
nitrate of soda, but in both cases they 
were more than from the check cylin¬ 
ders. The larger yields from the dried 
blood indicate a greater residual effect 
from this than from the nitrate, which 
is reflected also in the percentage of 
nitrogen recovered—an average of 10 
per cent for the dried blood as compared 
with 3.96 for the nitrate of soda. This 
difference, however, is not sufficieat to 
offset the much greater recovery of 
nitrate of soda in the first crop; so that 
when the two cropS' are considered to¬ 
gether, nitrate of soda outranks the 
dried blood. 
Comparing next the series of cylin- 
TAJ3LE 2* 
Nine-Year Average Yield of Dry Matter and Nitrogen Recovery for Each of the 
10 Soil Mixtures 
Yield of Dry Matter 
Nitrogen Recovery 
Soil Mixture 
Series 
Check 
Nitrate 
of Soda 
Dried 
Blood 
Nitrate 
of Soda 
Dried 
Blood 
Loam Soil. 
A 
lbs. 
81.4 
lbs. 
157.0 
lbs. 
147.9 
per cent 
56.38 
• per cent 
46.18 
10% sand. 
B 
89.3 
164.5 
149.9 
52.75 
42.89 
20% sand. 
C 
70.5 
152.4 
135.6 
58.11 
47.65 
30% sand. 
D 
68.6 
156.4 
137.2 
59.70 
47.52 
40% sand. 
E 
65.4 
153.3 
130.7 
62.05 
47.54 
50% sand. 
F 
68.6 
152.1 
126.8 
58.15 
40.39 
70% sand. 
G 
46.1 
134.9 
110.5 
59.70 
45.55 
80% sand. 
H 
42.0 
110.5 
107.7 
47.12 
47.14 
90% sand. 
I 
27.9 
97.8 
88.3 
47.44 
42.39 
100% sand. 
J 
16.3 
47.2 
65.0 
25.49 
36.41 
-Average. 
57.6 
132.6 
120.0 
52.69 
44.36 
♦ From the Annual Report of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station for 1921. 
20 per cent, and so on, up to 100 per 
cent sand. Within each series, two cylin¬ 
ders (the checks) received no nitrogen, 
two were treated with dried blood, 
representing organic nitrogen, and two 
with nitrate of soda, the mineral 
source. Each cylinder of both sets re¬ 
ceived sufficient of the respective mate¬ 
rials to furnish an exactly equivalent 
amount of nitrogen —12 grams of the 
dried blood (about 2-5 ounce) and 10 
grams of the nitrate of soda (about 
1-3 ounce). 
Two crops were grown each year, 
barley followed by buckwheat. The 
fertilizer was applied every year, 
always on the first crop. In order to 
ders which contained varying propor¬ 
tions of sand, some more interesting 
facts are revealed. The 10 per cent 
sand mixture gave the highest yields, 
on the average, though not the highest 
recovery. The yields did not vary 
greatly up to 50 per cent sand, but 
showed a more marked falling off with 
the increasing sand proportions in the 
case of dried blood and of the checks 
than occurred in the nitrate of soda 
cylinders. Of special interest is the 
fact that the yields from the 40 and 50 
per cent sand mixtures are almost as 
large as the yields from the loam soil, 
although the percentage of nitrogen in 
{Continued on page 422) 
Other sizes equally low priced. 
Over 5,000 dealers carry these 
engines in stock and will save 
you money on freight. 
FAIRBANKS, MORSE & CO. 
Manufacturers Chicago 
Eastern Branches 
New York Baltimore Boston 
i 
The Farrell 
Hoist B 
operated from load. Has quick return drum and 
band brake. Price right. For Circular address 
JOHN FARRELL & SON, Newton, Sussex County, N. J. 
VEGETABLE PLANTS 
.26th YEAR. Cabbage and Snowball Cauliflower plants. 
Field grown. Two acres. Ready about Jlay 1st. Oab- 
tiage. Early Jersey Wakefield, Copenhagen .Market, EuU- 
huizen and eight other kinds. $’2.2o per 1.000: .'i.OOO, 
$10 00: 500, $1.50; 300, $1.00. Snowball Cauliflowers, 
$.■>.00 per 1,000: 500, $3.00: 300, $2.00; 200, $1.60; 100, 
$1.00, List free. No business done on Sundays. 
FORD W. ROCHELLE &. SONS, Chester, New Jersey 
