American A^iculturist, May 19,1923 
439 
How 
being possible for him to get the full 
value of his animals, while the owner 
of ordinary cattle, unless appraisals 
are very careful, gets the full value of 
his cattle or even makes a little money 
on them. 
Summed up, the opinion was that the 
present indemnity maximums were 
none too high, and that careful apprais¬ 
ing would adapt them to cheaper 
cattle. 
Free Testing Not Favored 
Several representatives were present 
from counties where Boards of Super¬ 
visors had made appropriations to pay 
the salary of veterinarians to test cattle 
free of charge, yet not a representa¬ 
tive defended free testing as a perma¬ 
nent proposition. Only one representa- . 
tive argued in favor of it at all, he 
stating that were it not for free testing 
in his county the men would not test. 
On the contrary, a number of men 
from counties, both where the owners 
pay for the test and where the testing 
is done free, stated themselves to be 
very definitely of the opinion that 
there was little use to test the herd of 
a man who was not interested enough 
to pay for having the work done. 
The concensus of opinion along con¬ 
structive lines seemed to be that cattle 
owners should pay for their tests, but 
that they should pay their fees into 
county organizations and that these 
county organizations should pay the 
veterinarians doing the work. 
A few months ago, had a similar 
meeting been called, it is very likely 
that there would have developed con¬ 
siderable criticism of the work of the 
appraisers, the men who set the values 
on reacting cattle on which indemnities 
are based. Apparently the efforts of 
Director McLaury along the line of 
more careful appraising have met with 
success because when question No. 4 
was asked not a man present felt that 
the general run of appraisals were 
much out of the line of real cattle 
values. 
Follow Up Essential and Neglected 
The men present at the conference 
showed their familiarity with bovine 
tuberculosis eradication by agreeing 
without exception to the necessity of 
thorough cleaning up and disinfection 
of premises where reacting animals 
are found and the careful safeguarding 
of healthy herds with reference to the 
introduction of new animals. 
To a man they agreed that work of 
this kind had never been adequate 
until county committees had taken 
hold of the problem and injected the 
necessary local supervision. 
Even with county commmittees 
functioning, it was the feeling of those 
present that the tendency is to neglect 
cleaning up, first, because the owners 
of herds where cattle react do not 
generally realize the importance of it; 
second, because they do not know how 
to do it effectively; and third, because 
a large number of men are naturally 
so careless that they never will do the 
work correctly. 
Discussion of how to remedy this 
serious situation seemed to bring out 
the idea that the only hope is through 
more education as to the necessity of 
the work, closer local supervision by 
breeders and veterinarians, and in the 
event of deliberate neglect by men 
under the accredited herd plan, re¬ 
fusing them retests. 
Area Testing Challenged 
As was expected by the Committee 
from the conflicting evidence which it 
had already heard relative to the meth¬ 
ods to be used in eradicating tubercu¬ 
losis, the conference developed consid¬ 
erable difference of opinion relative to 
the so-called area plan of testing. As 
the discussion developed, certain fun¬ 
damentals were brought out on which 
the minds of both groups appeared to 
meet. 
In the first place it was agreed that 
there should be no definite size of unit 
for area work, that a clean area might 
be as small as a few farms in a neigh¬ 
borhood, a township, or even a whole 
county, the size of areas being limited 
entirely by the interest of the cattle 
owners concerned and their willingness 
to ei’adicate the disease. 
It was further agreed that the only 
people capable of determining area 
Shall We Control T B ? 
{Continued from page 435) 
limits are those who are on the ground; 
that is, the cattle owners of a county, 
and that it is exceedingly dangerous 
for outside officials to attempt to set 
up area testing. 
It was further agreed that, for the 
best interests of the work. State and 
federal indemnity money should be used 
as generally throughout the counties of 
the State as there are interested cattle 
owners in the counties. In effect this 
would seem to the writer to mean that 
those present at the conference, while 
they believe in area work, had an en¬ 
tirely different conception of what 
constitutes an area than the popular 
one, and that what the representative 
cattle owners of the State really believe 
relative to area testing is that it is a 
development which follows the testing 
of individual herds, through the test¬ 
ing of herds in a neighborhood, then 
perhaps in a township and finally in 
a whole county. 
There seemed to be no confidence in 
the results to be gained from the whole¬ 
sale testing of cattle over a large area. 
This lack of confidence was due to the 
free test and perhaps due to the oppor¬ 
tunity to dispose of inferior cattle at 
good prices and because every man 
tested but some did not clean up nor 
persist in the initial efforts by repeat 
testing. 
The County Plans 
Throughout all the discussion those 
present continually referred to their 
county organizations and it was easily 
discernable that some sort of a county 
organization whether a separate asso¬ 
ciation composed of the men who have 
herds under the accredited herd plan 
of tuberculosis eradication, or com¬ 
mittees of farm bureau associations, 
was considered-desirable by all of those 
present. 
As the Committee had already 
studied the various forms of county 
organization, and as it desired held in 
making up its mind as to the type best 
adapted to eradication work, the writer 
requested representatives of Tompkins, 
Cortland, and Madison counties, which 
counties have difl^prent plans, to briefly 
present these plans for discussion. 
Their different county plans will be 
discussed later. 
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