N U R S E K Y M E X —O R CHARDISTS 
7 
Cultivating a Teach Orchard in April—A Great Labor Saver. 
Trees sometimes can be planted to advantage farther apart one 
way than another. To do this, you have to work out the plan for 
your own orchards. This plan works best on steep hills. The 
rows should follow the lines of the hill to make driving easier. 
Ao rules can be laid down for hillside arrangement. Use some 
modification of the plans given here. (See diagram.) 
Cultivation of Orchards. Cultivation keeps the trees sup¬ 
plied with available plant-food and saves moisture. Young or¬ 
chards of any kind always should be cultivated clean, from early 
.spring until in .July. Plow or tear up the .soil as soon as ground 
is dry enough to work, Iiarrow after every rain, and every week 
or ten days until it is time to sow the cover-crop or mulch for 
winter. Keep them hustling. 
Cover-Crops. A cover-crop should be sown in the latter part 
of the summer, when trees have made their growth for the year, 
and when both fruit and trees have begun to ripen. Cover-crops 
hold the soil together and keep it from leaching out and gullying, 
and also newly sown plants take up water in great amounts and 
take it away from the trees. This is the thing desired at this 
time, for tree-growth needs a check then. Young plants require 
a great deal of nitrogen, but less potash and phosphorus. As the 
cover-crop grows.it feeds largely on the nitrogen, leaving much pot¬ 
ash and phosphorus for the trees just when they need them most. 
Cowpeas, vetch, rye and the clovers make excellent cover-crops. 
Fertilizing. Stable manure is one of the best fertilizers for 
feeding a young growing orchard. Scatter the manure on top of 
tile ground around the trees, at least as far from the trunks as 
the branches extend, so that the fine fibrous roots can take up the 
fertilizing elements. 
Make your soil fine and loose before you add fertilizer, and you 
will not need to add so much. Xo two pieces of land are alike in 
plant-food needs. Learn to know what elements are lacking, and 
supply them in right proportions. 
Potash, nitrogen and phosphoric acid are the plant-foods that 
have to be supplied. Nitrogen is best obtained through legumi¬ 
nous cover-crops. Potash and phosphorus have to be supplied in 
chemical form. 
Nitrogen is the growing material, making wood and size in 
fruit; potash goes into fruit, making flavor and color; phosphoric 
acid goes into wood and seeds (use only a fifth as much of it as 
of potash). 
Get plant-foods on the ground evenly, over a space at least 
twice as wide as the branches cover, and apply at the right season. 
Double crops pay, but you must supply plant-food and mois¬ 
ture for everything that grows on the land. Do not rob the trees, 
