NURSERYMEN — O II CHARDISTS 
9 
Spraying 
Spraying is a vital ni'cc'ssify if money is to be made from fruit. 
It dne.su't pay to miss one season, even if euemies are not visible. 
Spraying lias an invigorating effect on trees, besides controlling 
enemies. 
There are three classes of enemies .spraying will control— 
chewing insects, sucking insects, and fungi. Each class requires a 
different remedy, but the remedies can be combined most of the 
time. 
t>])raying during the dormant period is distinctly different from 
spraying on foliage. Materials several times as strong can be 
used and are needed to control the scales. 
On account of the life-habits of enemies, ofteu only two to 
seven days are available for any one spraying. Do the work 
then. Put the material on with force and cover every inch of 
bark and leaf. 
Got a sprayer tli.at is big enough, that will give one hundred to 
two luindred and fifty pounds of air pressure, that is adapted to 
your land and trees, and tliat is durable. Get a power outfit, if 
possible, for it does better work than a hand-pump can. 
The spraying programme ordinarily resolves itself into two, 
three or four applications — one wliile trees are dormant, with 
lime-sulphur .'colution. and Ihe other.s on blossoms and fruit witli 
self-boiled lime-suli)hur. or diluted lime-sulphur, with arsenate of 
lead added, or maybe with Bordeaux and lead. All applications 
must be guided by careful study. 
Borers will attack fruit trees in spite of all we can do. and will 
kill many trees if left alone. Trees must be gone over several 
times each year, and should be gone over each April and August. 
Spraying and painting with lime-sulphur sediment will help in 
keeping down tlie numbers of borers. 
The table of spraying operations (sec preceding page) gives all 
the information needed to keep 3 'our trees in prime condition. 
The main point is to spray at tlie RIGHT TIME. (We are in¬ 
debted to the Maryland State College of Agriculture for tliis 
complete tabli' and formulas.) 
FORMULAS FOR SPRAY MIXTURES 
1. CONCENTRATED LIME-SULFUR—Home-Made: 
Pest stone lime (at least V3'/c calcium oxide). 50 lbs. 
Sulfur (any kind finely ground, 9S9c pure). 100 lbs. 
Water . 50 gals. 
Heat -0 gals, of water in an iron vat or by steam in barrels; add 
stone lime and sulfur gradually. Vigorous action will take pkice and 
cold water should be near at liand to be added gradually, to make a 
total of about 55 gals. Boil for'l nour. For dormant spraying, dilute 
at the rate of 1 gal. to 9 gats, of water. For summer spray, dilute 1 
gal. to 40 gals. lU water. 
