American Agriculturist, July 28,1923 
57 
Jersey Cooperatives Discuss Marketing 
Pennsylvania Passes Skimmed Milk Law — Delaware News 
S TANDARDIZATION of farm prod¬ 
ucts was declared by the several 
speakers at a conference on cooperation 
and marketing held in Trenton during 
the week of July 9, to be the only 
sound basis for any cooperative mar¬ 
keting movement among farmers. The 
conference was held under the auspices 
of the Bureau of Markets of the New 
Jersey State Department of Agricul¬ 
ture to discuss cooperative marketing. 
Practically every speaker voiced the 
same opinion, namely: that supply and 
demand alone controls the price of food 
products and that no attempt of grow¬ 
ers to arbitrarily fix prices would suc¬ 
ceed. The meeting was attended by 
members of the cooperative societies 
already organized in New Jersey, 
county agricultural agents and agricul¬ 
tural officials who are investigating 
and studying the cooperative problems 
as they apply to New Jersey. 
Among those present were Dr. H. C. 
Taylor, chief of the Bureau of Agri¬ 
cultural Economics of the United 
States Department of Agriculture; 
Walter Peteet, Director of the Co¬ 
operative Marketing, American Farm 
Bureau Federation; and Dr. Frank 
App, who represents New Jersey on 
the Executive Committee of the Ameri¬ 
can Farm Bureau Federation. 
In discussing the subject Mr. Peteet 
said: “If farmers should attempt to 
fix the prices of potatoes higher than 
the market and general conditions 
would justify, they would have an un¬ 
sold surplus on their hands. If they 
succeeded in getting prices out of the 
ordinary they would invite enormous 
overproduction the next year. Farmers 
must seek to maintain a price lever that 
will mean the largest possible consump¬ 
tion of their products. A cooperative 
that takes a true view of the interest 
of the farm industry is concerned in 
the maintenance of price levels that 
will insure consumption of the entire 
crop.” 
NEW JERSEY NEEDS MORE RAIN 
Several light showers on the 3rd and 
4th of July partially relieved the 
drought that has been the most severe 
in spring and early summer in the 
remembrance of the present generation, 
writes G. E. Schwartz of Somerset 
County, N. J. According to Mr. 
Schwartz, the oats and hay crops are 
not more than 50 per cent normal. 
Wheat is about an average yield and 
corn is very promising. Cherries pro¬ 
duced a very light yield, but were of 
a high quality. Sweet cherries sold 
readily at $2.50 to $3.00 a half bushel 
barrel. Apples suffered a great deal, 
especially where growing in sod, and 
some localities report there is no fruit 
left. 
Since the rain, however, the weather 
has turned very dry again and in mid- 
July, New Jersey is again in need of 
generous rain. Potatoes are very poor, 
of which there are not many planted. 
Berries are scarce and high priced. 
There is a fair prospect for a good 
peach crop, but both fruit and trees 
are suffering from lack of rain. 
five pounds net weight. Each can shall 
have marked, printed or labeled there¬ 
on the words, “Concentrated Skimmed 
Milk, Unsweetened,” or “Concentrated 
Skimmed Milk, Sweetened,” as the case 
may be, and shall be further labeled 
as being unfit for infants. 
Wholesalers and retailers have been 
given almost three months in which to 
comply with the new regulations, after 
which time violations will be vigorous¬ 
ly prosecuted by the food officials of 
the Department of Agriculture. Di¬ 
rector Foust, in commenting on the 
measure, said that it is a most whole¬ 
some bit of legislation and necessary 
in the prevention of fraud and decep¬ 
tion in the sale of vital foodstuffs. 
The Department of Agriculture 
hopes that prompt steps will be taken 
by the trade to remove the banned ar¬ 
ticle from the market and in the fu¬ 
ture to have all canned condensed 
skimmed milks conform with the regu¬ 
lations in force by virtue of the Smith 
Act. Failure to observe the provisions 
of the law will only result in trouble 
to the trade and make it necessary to 
resort to the courts. 
SKIMMED MILK LAW PASSED 
IN PENNSYLVANIA 
The Smith Condensed Skimmed Milk 
Law, approved by Governor Pinchot as 
Act No. 361 of the 1923 General As¬ 
sembly, goes into full force and effect 
ninety days after the date of approval, 
or on September 27, 1923. 
Secretary Frank P. Willits of the 
Pennsylvania Department of Agricul¬ 
ture, has issued instructions to the di¬ 
rector of the Bureau of Foods, James 
Foust, to give adequate notice to the 
trade that after September 27 all 
canned condensed skimmed milk as de¬ 
fined in the Smith Law must be sold 
in accord with the new requirements. 
The recently approved act, which is 
a supplement to the Jones Filled Milk 
Law, states that no condensed, con¬ 
centrated or evaporated skimmed milk 
in hermetically sealed cans or recep¬ 
tacles may be sold or offered for sale 
in the State of Pennsylvania unless 
such receptacles contain not less than 
EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA NOTES 
OLIVER D. SCHOCK 
Lancaster County farmers who are 
thrashing their wheat report that the 
yield will exceed early predictions. 
The quality is superior. None but 
red varieties have been sown, long- 
berry red predominating. Large ship¬ 
ments will be made for seeding pur¬ 
poses at a considerable advance over 
average local prices. Many farms 
average from thirty-five to forty 
bushels of wheat per acre. Ordinary 
soil yields from twenty-two to thirty 
bushels per acre this season. 
The tobacco fields of Lancaster and 
York Counties present a most promis¬ 
ing appearance, and thus far no hail¬ 
storms have injured the crop. Large 
growers, almost without exception, 
carry hailstorm insurance and thus feel 
more certain of realizing some reward 
for the losses that storms occasionally 
incur. The acreage exceeds that of the 
previous year. 
Some Franklin County orchardists 
will harvest a reduced crop of peaches, 
as a result of a recent hailstorm which 
passed over that section of the State. 
Neighboring counties were more for¬ 
tunate, as they escaped the visitation 
of such storms. 
The crop of small fruits, although 
large, proved quite profitable this 
year, selling at prices exceeding those 
prevailing during the World War. 
Cherries were exceedingly plentiful and 
of special quality. The sweet, or eat¬ 
ing, varieties sold in market houses at 
25 to 30c per quart, while sour cherries 
ranged from 10 to 20c a quart. Hun¬ 
dreds of bushels of black and red 
(sweet) cherries of common kinds were 
permitted to rot on the trees. 
Eastern Pennsylvania’s crop of hay 
was reduced to a minimum yield by a 
long-continued drought. Some dairy¬ 
men will reduce the size of their herds 
as a consequence, asserting that the 
high price of hay and commercial cat¬ 
tle feeding stuffs will not permit any 
margin of profit at the present prices 
of milk. 
The early-planted crop of potatoes 
throughout Eastern Pennsylvania has 
proved disappointingly small, due to 
the unfavorable climatic conditions. 
The late varieties promise a higher 
yield, due to more frequent showers. 
There has not been a general rain since 
last spring. 
plant has been leased by the Allen 
Package Company, which will receive a 
small commission for operating the in¬ 
dustry, in addition to sharing in the 
profits derived from the season’s pack. 
Robert B. Elliott, prohibition direc¬ 
tor of the State of Delaware, is gen¬ 
eral manager of the Allen Package 
Company; William F. Allen, president, 
and William T. Lank, secretary and 
treasurer. Mr. Lank, who has had 
twenty years’ experience in operating 
canneries, will be in charge of the can¬ 
ning plant. 
William F. Allen, the president, 
stated that tfrey had contracts now for 
about 400 acres, which would be as 
much as they could handle at the fac¬ 
tory this season. The innovation will 
be watched with much interest and, if 
successful, no doubt other communities 
will take up the plan. 
In addition, Greenabaum Brothers 
will operate their plant in West Sea- 
ford this season on an extensive scale. 
They have one of the largest tomato 
canneries in - the East with an enor¬ 
mous capacity. This firm has already 
contracted for more than 500 acres of 
tomatoes in this section and the local¬ 
ity around Bethel and Portsville. The 
tomatoes grown at the two latter places 
will be brought' to Seaford on scows. 
This firm is still making contracts with 
farmers to grow tomatoes for them at 
25c a basket. Indications are that the 
coming season will be one of the 
busiest in the tomato-packing industry 
ever known in Southern Delaware, and 
indications are now that we are going 
to have a bumper crop as some early 
tomatoes are coming in the market.— 
K. P. Thompson. 
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DELAWARE FARMERS OPERATE 
CANNERY COOPERATIVELY 
An innovation in the canning indus¬ 
try will be introduced in Seaford dur¬ 
ing the coming tomato season, farmers 
having entered into an agreement with 
the Allen Package Company of Sea- 
ford, Del., to operate the canning plant 
of Colonel Edgar C. Ross on a co¬ 
operative plan. The Ross plant would 
have probably remained idle this sea¬ 
son had not the farmers and the Allen 
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