American Agriculturist, October 20,1923 
269 
Why 
Farmers 
Wear 
Browns (i 
Beach 
Jacket _ 
Reg. U. S. Pat. Off. 
It gives the wear and the warmth that 
the outdoor worker wants. Made with 
wool fleece lining and strong windproof 
exterior. Has snap fasteners; washes and 
wears like iron. Ask for the OLD RE¬ 
LIABLE, Brown’s Beach Jacket. Three 
styles—coat with or without collar^ and 
vest. 
ASK YOUR DEALER 
BROWN’S BEACH JACKET COMPANY 
Worcester, Massachusetts 
B/6 SEASON AHEAD! 
Send Your Name 
NOW.ll 
Trappers jGuide 
How to Grade Furs—Trap- 
- per’s Guide; Game Laws; and 
8upply Catalog. Let Funsten save 
you money on baits, traps, emok- 
era, stretchers, etc.—big bargains 
at factory price*. 
Write today and wo 
will also list your name 
to get free Market Re- 
ports and Shipping TagsT* 
Funsten always satisfies— 
better grading—more money. 
FUNSTEN BROS. & CO. 
871 Funatan Bldg., ST. LOUIS, MO. 
/■As Low as $io*a 
Buy your saw direct from the factory at lowest fac¬ 
tory prices. Every saw guaranteed absolutely satis¬ 
factory or your money back. You can get a thor¬ 
oughly well made, dependable, absolutely guaranteed 
Hertzler& Zook Can/ 
Portable Wood SCiYY 
for as little as 510, that will saw firewood, lumber, 
lath and posts. Kipping table can be attached. 
Lowest priced practical saw made. Other styles and 
sizes up to big contractors saws--all at money-saving 
prices. H & Z saws are designed and made by saw 
experts of best tested 
materials,every one guar¬ 
anteed 1 year. Guarantee 
backed by 510,000 bond 
in bapk. Write today 
for free catalog with 
illustrations , descrip¬ 
tions and prices. Full 
of s ur prising low 
priced bargains for the 
farm. 
HERTZLER & ZOOK CO. 
Box 44 Belleville, Pa. 
LOOK! 
ONLY, 
Direct 
From 
Factory 
_ Think of it! the well-known 
high grade PeerlesB Fence sold for as low as 17c a rod; 
it’s because we now sell direct from factory at fac¬ 
tory prices. This means a big saving for farmers 
everywhere. Write for free 104 page catalog of Fence, 
Farm Gates, Steel Post3, Barb Wire, Roofing, Paints 
—the low prices will astonish you—save you 40%. 
PEERLESS WIRE & FENCE CO. 6 
Dept.S006 CLEVELAND. OHIO 
Factories at Claveland, Ohio, Adrian, Mich., Hamphia, Tanhi^ 
Concrete on the Farm 
The Ideal Mixture For Practical Purposes 
T HE ideal mixture is 
one in which there 
is just enough sand to exactly fill 
the voids in the coarse aggregate and 
just enough cement paste to cover the 
surface of each particle of sand and 
coarse aggregate and just fill all the 
voids. In practice we endeavor to 
proportion our material so as to. ap¬ 
proach as closely as possible this ideal 
condition. For all general purposes, 
if the volume of sand is equal to one- 
half the volume of gravel and the 
volume of cement is equal to one-half 
the volume of sand, the resulting mix¬ 
ture is near enough ideal, so propor¬ 
tioned the sand concrete mortar is 
slightly more than enough to fill the 
spaces in the coarse aggregate. 
Bank-run gravel is the name usually 
applied to the natural mixture of sand 
and pebbles as taken from a gravel 
bank. While it is the general prac¬ 
tice to use this bank-run gravel for 
concrete, it is not, in most instances 
the most economical thing to do with¬ 
out screening. As a rule bank-run 
gravel contains too much sand. It is 
best to run the bank-run gravel as it 
comes from the pit over a one-quarter 
inch mesh screen so as to separate 
the sand from the pebbles and then 
reproportion them later in the 
volumes desired. If the bank-run 
gravel, containing too much sand 
is used, an excess of cement must 
be added to the mixture or it will 
not be of the strength desired. The 
reason for this is that the greater 
By F. G. BEHRENDS 
ty of bank-run gravel 
is screened to get suffi¬ 
cient coarse aggregate so that when 
this is mixed with the bank-run ma¬ 
terial the approximate proportions will 
be obtained. The excess of fine ma¬ 
terial or sand accumulated may be 
used for making sand cement mortar 
for plastering or for surface coats, etc. 
It often happens that only a few 
yards of concrete are to be laid. Bank- 
run gravel can be easily obtained. 
Coarse material must be obtained else¬ 
where or additional bank-run gravel 
must be screened. Under such condi¬ 
tions it may be more economical to use 
bank-run gravel, using some excess 
cement. 
Proportioning Concrete Mixtures 
In order to obtain a strong, dense, 
durable concrete, the materials enter¬ 
ing into it must be definitely propor¬ 
tioned. For a given purpose, a definite 
quantity of Portland cement with a 
definite quantity of sand and a definite 
quantity of gravel give the best re¬ 
sults. These quantities of materials, 
\l' 
10/. FT 
• -V .-.9 Vi.fi c 
up; O'-; O 
4.5 Cu.m 
(. JU. 
ifr.Aa'b'.fi 
C 
O 
•i 
Celment 
Sand 
Pebbles or 5tone5 
Concrete 
A total of seven cubic feet of cement, sand and pebbles makes only four 
and one-half cubic feet of concrete, most of the sand and cement filling 
the spaces between the pebbles 
Henley’s Twentieth Century 
Book of Formulas and Processes 
The greatest book of modern times, contains 10,000 se¬ 
lected Scientific, Chemical, Technological and practical 
Formulas, including hundreds of trade secrets, 800 large 
pages replete with hints, helps, practical ideas and secret 
processes covering every branch of useful arts. Tells thou¬ 
sands of ways of making money, of inestimable value to 
those who want to start a business of their own on small 
capital. Price, postpaid, $4.00. 
R. & R. SPECIALTY CO., LANCASTER. PA. 
183 Acres with Horses, 
15 Cows, Tools, etc.; Price $5500 
Income from start; good roads, schools, stores, churches; 
city markets; heavy cropping tillage, 20-cow pasture; 100 
apple trees, pears, plums, grapes; 2-story 14-room house, 
00-ft. barn, stable, garage, poultry house. Owner unable 
to operate; $5,500 gets it; horses, 15 cows, 3 heifers, 
poultry, furniture, implements, tools included if taken 
now. ' Part cash. Details, page 45. New Illustrated 
Catalog. Bargains many States. Copy free. ST ROUT 
FARM AGENCY, 150 R Nassau St., New York City. 
r vnu.RlFLG; 
Guaranteed to shoot snre and 
i, long and short cartridges. 
^"•vervbody buys.ofiiVD wu wuicoo. 
BELL PERFUME COMPANY, Oapt. AlO, CHICAGO 
the per cent of fine material the greater 
the amount of surface to be coated with 
cement and the greater the volume of 
voids to be filled with cement. It is 
therefore a matter of economy to grade 
the aggregates so as to secure the mini¬ 
mum volume of voids or air spaces to 
be filled, and surfaces to be covered 
with cement. 
Using Bank-run Gravel 
Suppose it is desired to mix a batch 
of 1:2:4 concrete—1 sack of cement, 
2 cubic feet of sand, 4 cubic feet of 
gravel. The proportion of cement to 
aggregate before mixing is 1 cubic foot 
of cement to 6 cubic feet aggregate. 
When mixed, however, the total volume 
of concrete would be but slightly over 
4 cubic feet because the sand would 
fill the spaces in the gravel and the 
cement would fill the spaces in the 
sand. (See figure 1.) The proportion 
of cement to concrete is 1 to 4. Sup¬ 
pose 6 cubic feet of bank-run gravel 
were used for the aggregate instead 
of 2 cubic feet of sand and 4 cubic 
feet of gravel. When mixed with 1 
cubic foot of cement the volume of 
concrete would now be 6 cubic feet. 
(See figure 2.) In this case the pro¬ 
portion of cement to concrete now 1 
to 6 is less than when the aggregates 
were proportioned. All the voids would 
not be filled, and the concrete would 
not be as dense or as strong as if a 
1:2:4 mixture had been used. From 
this it can be seen, that it is always 
best to screen bank-run gravel and re¬ 
proportion the sand and gravel as de¬ 
sired. 
A common practice, where bank-run 
material is to be used in small con¬ 
crete work such as may be done on 
the farm, is not to screen all the ma¬ 
terial and reproportion it, but to de¬ 
termine how it is already proportioned. 
It will usually be found that there is 
not enough coarse material. A quanti- 
which when mixed give a concrete of 
the proper strength and density for 
the particular work are expressed as 
1:2:4, 1:3:6 etc. and are used to es- 
press the mixture. 
Table of Recommended Mixtures 
For the guidance of the readers the 
following suggested mixtures are rec¬ 
ommended for the jobs listed: 
Mixture (1:2:4) for foundations for 
machinery; one-course walks, porches, 
basements and feeding floors; steps 
and pavements; manure pit floor; sep¬ 
tic tanks; bridges and culverts; piers, 
large posts, suspended floors (rein¬ 
forced) ; basement walls exposed to 
moisture. 
A 1:2:3 and a 1:2:4 mixtures are 
similar, as in each case the mortar is 
of the proportion 1:2. For thin wall 
construction or similar light work, the 
1:2:3 is generally used, and it is more 
plastic and more easily worked in the 
forms. 
Mixture for fence posts, clothesline 
posts and others; wells, cisterns and 
watering troughs; concrete roofs. 
Mixture (1:214:5) for foundation 
'and floor of silos; building walls above 
ground. 
A 1:214:4 mixture bears the same 
relation to a 1:214:5 as a 1:2:3 bears 
to a 1:2:4. 
fixture for walls for pits or base¬ 
ments; coal bins, grain bins, silos walls 
ancL-similar structures. 
Mixture (1:3:6) for mass concrete; 
heavy retaining walls; barn founda¬ 
tions, footings, etc. 
//' 
Out 
goes 
that 
pain^ 
Y OU’LL get quick relief from 
pain with the first appli- 
cationof Gombault’s Balsam. 
It penetrates without blister¬ 
ing, drives out the pain, leaves 
you feeling fit as a fiddle. 
Sprains, bruises, burns, open 
cuts, deep seated strains, 
muscular and inflammatory 
rheumatism, lumbago, sciat¬ 
ica,sore throat and chest colds 
yield to its healing power with 
but one or two applications. 
It’s so effective that one bottle 
lasts a long time. 
For forty years Gombault’s Bal¬ 
sam has been the one indispensable 
remedy in thousands of households 
here and abroad. You’ll adopt it, 
too, once you’ve had a chance to 
prove its remarkable healing quali¬ 
ties. 
Don’t wait till you feel the sting 
of pain. Get a bottle of Gombauit's 
Balsam today. 
Sold by druggists everywhere for 
$1.50 per bottle or sent by 
parcel post upon receipt of price. 
GOOD FOR ANIMALS TOO 
Gombault’s Balsam is a reliable 
and effective remedy for most horse 
troubles. Keeps your horses sound 
and working. The Lawrence-Wil¬ 
liams Company, Cleveland, Ohio. 
Sole Distributors for the United 
States and Canada. 
GOMBAULTS 
BALSAM 
The Imported Liniment 
HEALING and ANTISEPTIC 
3* FRUIT TREES 
SHRUBS 
and Roses 
ATREDUCED PRICES 
SHIPPED C. O. D. PREPAID 
- Write for our Illustrated Catalog 
1 Pomona United Nurseries 
2 Tree Avenue. DANSVILLE. N. Y. 
Re-Rooted Three Year Asparagus Roots planting. 
Finest roots I ever put out. Save a year by Fall planting:. Also Rhu¬ 
barb, Horse-radish, Grape vines. Small fruits. Send for catalogue. 
WARREN SHINN, WOODBURY, NEW JERSEY 
‘MyEiujineWill 
’Ifjlo theWork of 
Concrete in Winter—Use great care 
in making concrete during freezing 
weather. The proper chemical reaction 
cannot take place when the mixture is 
frozen. If such work must be done the 
materials should be heated and allowed 
to set on only mild pleasant days. 
Try This Remarkable Engine 
VtmV The Edwards Farm Engine sells 
• RCiIl direct to you at low factory 
price. No other engine like it. 154 to 6 
H. P. in one engine. Change power while 
running. Efficient at all powers. 
Fits Every Farm Job 
Pumps, saws, grinds, cuts ensilage, runs 
spray rig, concrete mixer, washer—any¬ 
thing up to 6 H. P. Portable. Bums 
kerosene or gasoline. No cranking. All 
moving parts enclosed. Work it anywhere 
without fastening down. Endorsed by 
thousands of users. 
Clarence Rutledge, of Ontario, saysi 
“Have given my Edwards four years’ steady 
work and like it fine. Runs 28-inch wood 
saw, 8-inch grinder, ensilage cutter and does 
all chores. Have had ten other engines. 
The Edwards beats them all.” Write now 
for full description of Edwards Engine, low 
factory price and details of free trial offer. 
For Special 
EDWARDS 
FARM 
ENGINE 
FREE TRIAL 
Mail Coupon 
_ Now 
EDWARDS MOTOR CO. 
533 Main Street, Springfield, Ohio 
Without obligation, send complete descrip¬ 
tion of engine, also free trial offer. 
Name___ 
Address __ 
