American Agriculturist, November 17,1923 
351 
CATTLE BREEDERS 
Concrete on the Farm 
Fecundity! /»<*. .» 
Fecundity, the ability to produce strong, 
healthy calves regularly, is essential to a 
profitable dairy cow. 
FECUNDITY IN HOLSTEINS MEANS; 
Full value from prepotent sire m -- 
Assurance of regular herd increases 
year after year - - Extra profit from 
sale of surplus stock -• 
Regular freshenings and consequent 
increased milk production. for the 
whole herd *- Larger annual net 
profits. 
Let Us Tell You About Holstein*. 
EXTENSION SERVICE, 
The Holstein-Fnesian Association of America 
230 East Ohio Street, Chicago, Ill. 
HO LSTEINS 
HOLSTEINS and GUERNSEYS 
Fresh cows and springers, 100 head of the finest 
quality to select from. Address 
A. F. SAUNDERS, CORTLAND, N. Y. 
HOLSTEINS 
Extra fine lot registered 
cows, fresh or soon due. 
10 registered heifers soon due. 20 registered heifers 
ready to breed. 4 high record sendee bulls. 
J. A. LEACH CORTLAND, N. Y. 
SWINE BREEDERS 
PIGS FOR SALE 
Chester White and Yorkshire Crossed and Chester 
and Berkshire Crossed Pigs, 6 to 7 weeks old, |4 
each, and 7 to 8 weeks old, S4.50. I have 20 Pure 
Black Berkshires, 7 to 8 weeks old, $5 each. Boars 
S7 each. Pure Chester White Pigs, 7 to 8 weeks old, 
S5 each, Boars'$7 each. Will ship ftom 1 to 100 to 
ydur approval C. O.D. 
WALTER LUX, 388 Salem St., WOBURN, MASS. 
HAMPSHIRE^ PIGS, all ages, not akin to boars, 
umill J1111U.J Many out of famous Wickware breeding. 
Some nice Gilts and Boars, Bred Sows and Gilts. Reg¬ 
istered Free. Special Prices.' 
ROY J. FREET, R. F. D. 4, A. A., Shippensburg, Pa. 
PEDIGREED HAMPSHIRES 1™*^.“ 
$6 to $8 each. HUGH BRINTON, West Chester, Pa. 
Big Type Chester Whites World’s Grand Champion 
Prepaid. 
Bloodlines, Pigs, $10 each. 
GEO. F. GRIFF1E, R. 3, NEWVILLE, PA. 
RFfKTFRFn fl I f AND Chester white pigs. 
lYEiUIdlLIXLU U. 1 . 1 . K, p. ROGERS, WAYVII,EE, N. Y. 
LARGE BERKSHIRES AT HIGHWOOD 
Grand champion breeding. Largest herd in America. Free booklet. 
HARPENDING Box 10 DUNDEE, N.Y. 
BABY CHICKS 
1000 PULLETS FOR SALE 
Vigorous, well grown, trap-nested stock. 
Sold in quantities of 25 or over. Prices 
low. Order at once to get best selections. 
April "and May hatched $1.85 to $2.50 each. 
QUEENSBURY FARMS 
765 N, Main Street Toms River, N. J. 
Bar Rock Pullets, handsome. Heavy Laying Stock. 
$1.50 each. Lots of 100 or more $1.35. Brown Leg¬ 
horn Pullets $1.25. White Legrhorn Pullets $1.25 each. 
Inspection invited. Registered Airdale Pups $25. 
HUMMER’S POULTRY FARM 
FRENCHTOWN, N. J., R. 1 
I ARTE QTnrif fine Poultry,Turkeys,Geese,Ducks,Guineas, 
LnlVULi OlUvlV Bantams, Collies, Pigeons, Chicks, Stock, 
Eggs, low; catalog. PIONEER FARMS, Telford, Pennsylvania. 
3 Ik RED and BARRED ROCK PULLETS,40c. lb.; 4lb.48c 
* RAY BLODGETT, BRISTOL, VT. 
DO YOU WANT 
to add some new HOLSTEIN blood to your registered 
herd, or do you want to introduce some into a good 
grade herd? 
The Veterans’ Mountain Camp offers you this chance. 
We -have on hand eight young bulls, from one to seven 
months of age, carrying the best blood of the Segis- 
Burke and Vale strains. All direct sons of f)e Kol Webb 
Pontiac. Sold with or without papers. 
No reasonable offers refused as this stock must be 
disposed of at once. Write or wire 
VETERANS’ MOUNTAIN CAMP. HORSESHOE, N. Y. 
HOLSTEIN BULLS FOR SALE 
Sons of 
DUTCHLAND C0LANTHA SIR INKA 
FISHK1LL FARMS, Hopewell Junction, N. Y. 
HENRY MORGENTHAU, Jr., Owner 
P LACE the concrete 
in the forms as soon 
as possible after mixing. Do not allow 
it to stand for more than 30 minutes 
after mixing, because soon after water 
is added to cement the setting action 
begins. After setting has started, con¬ 
crete should not be remixed to soften 
it since the binding effect of the cement 
has been somewhat lost. It is best to 
deposit the concrete in the forms in 
layers about 6 inches in depth, and 
spade or work it to eliminate the 
air pockets so that it will settle 
and form a dense mass. When “spad¬ 
ing,” the chisel-edged board or spade is 
moved up and down between the con¬ 
crete and the side of the forms. Work¬ 
ing the concrete in this way next to 
the forms pushes the large pebbles or 
stones back from the face of the forms 
into the concrete and 
results in a smooth, 
dense surface next 
to the forms. 
As soon as the 
concrete begins to 
set, float the surface 
with a wood or cork 
float. . Rub the sur¬ 
face only enough to 
level it, as too much 
troweling draws the 
water to the sur¬ 
face, causing hair 
cracks and a dusty 
surface. If a smooth 
finish is desired, 
trowel with a steel 
trowel after the con¬ 
crete is set. Some 
men of considerable 
experience make it a 
practice to sprinkle 
over the surface of 
the wearing coat, 
before it is floated, 
a dry mixture of 
equal'parts of sand 
and cement. It is 
claimed that this 
practice gives a 
harder and neater 
looking surface. 
After one day, or 
preferably two, re¬ 
move the forms, 
moisten the concrete 
with a 1:1 cement 
paste, and rub it in 
with a wood float or 
carborundum stone. 
This will give a very 
neat-appearing sur¬ 
face. At this time 
any holes may be 
patched with a 1:2 
The inside surface 
wash of Portland 
cement mixture, 
is often given a 
__ cement and water 
mixed to the consistency of cream and 
applied with a brush, to close all pores 
and insure a water-tight job. 
Finished walls will have no smoother 
surface than the forms. If the faces 
of the forms were smooth and tight, 
and the concrete was well spaded, the 
natural finish of the concrete may be 
sufficient. 
A very smooth finish may be obtained 
by rubbing down the concrete with a 
carborundum stone or wood float. As 
soon as the concrete is hard enough to 
be self-supporting, remove the forms, 
chip off the ridges, fill the pockets with 
cement mortar, and then paint the 
entire surface with cement paste (1:1) 
of cream consistency. This is rubbed 
in with a carborundum stone or wood 
float, and a smooth surface of even 
color results. 
Protecting Newly Placed Concrete 
Setting of concrete is a slow chemical 
process which takes place in the pres¬ 
ence of water. If it is left exposed to 
wind and sun much of the water neces¬ 
sary to hardening will evaporate and 
the concrete will simply dry out. 
Concrete walks and floors or similar 
large surfaces should be protected by 
covering of wet straw, moist earth 
other material which will retain mois 
ture. These materials should not_ 
placed until the concrete has hardened 
sufficiently to withstand the pressure 
of the thumb without marring the sur¬ 
face. Keep this covering moist in 
warm weather by frequent sprinkling 
for several days. Walls or portions of 
By F. G. BEHRENDS concrete which cannot 
readily be protected as 
described may be covered with moist 
canvas or burlap. This covering 
should be kept moist for several days 
depending upon the weather. Many of 
the so-called dusty concrete floors were 
made so by the surface being permitted 
to dry out too rapidly. 
Making Concrete Water-Tight 
It has been found, in practice, that 
if a properly proportioned concrete 
(1:2:4, 1:2:3) is made of well-graded 
material thoroughly mixed and after 
placing is well spaded in the forms and 
then properly protected and cured that 
it is. unnecessary to add to the concrete 
any water-proofing material. The secret 
for obtaining a wat^r-tight concrete 
lies in the selection and pading of the 
materials and the 
mixing, placing and 
curing of the con¬ 
crete. 
It is better to do 
concrete work dur¬ 
ing mild weather as 
cold weather retards 
the setting action of 
cement and freezing 
injures it. Certain 
kinds of concrete 
work, such as making 
tile, building blocks, 
etc., can well be done 
in winter if a suit¬ 
able place is avail¬ 
able in which to do 
the work and to 
store the materials 
and the finished pro¬ 
duct. The materials 
must be stored to be 
sure there is no 
frost in them. The 
tile or blocks must 
be stored to protect 
them from freezing 
for at least 48 hours. 
If it is necessary 
to build a foundation 
or other outside 
work during freez¬ 
ing weather, the 
sand and pebbles 
and water should be 
heated sufficiently 
so that when the 
concrete is placed in 
the forms it will 
have a temperature 
of 80 degrees. The 
cement need not be 
heated. 
Reinforcement is 
the term u^d to describe the steel rods 
or wire mesh that is. placed in concrete 
to increase its ability to resist bending 
strains. Like stone, concrete is very 
strong in bearing loads that are placed 
directly upon it, but is relativelv weak 
when subjected to strains that tend to 
bend it or to pull it apart. Reinforce¬ 
ment of steel rods or wires are placed 
in the concrete to increase its power 
to resist those strains. 
Reinforcement Must Be Placed 
Properly 
To be of value the steel reinforce¬ 
ment must be placed in the correct 
position; that is, in that part of the 
concrete where it will be most effective 
in resisting the pulling or bending 
strains. For example, in a concrete 
beam, the reinforcement is placed near 
the lower side as that is the side which 
tends to pull apart when the beam is 
loaded. It is recommended that im¬ 
portant or elaborate structures, such 
as floors above ground, beams, columns, 
retaining walls, silos and other build¬ 
ings be.built from approved designs or 
be specially designed by an experienced 
engineer. 
It is very necessary that the steel 
reinforcement be placed accurately in 
position before concrete is deposited in 
the forms and tied firmly in place by 
wire hoops or ties twisted around them. 
As soon as concrete is placed in the 
forms, it should be “spaded” or 
worked as in the illustration to 
eliminate air pockets, causing the 
concrete to settle and form a dense 
mass. Working the concrete in 
this way, pushes the larger ag¬ 
gregate from the face of the form, 
leaving a smooth, dense surface 
a 
or 
be 
“I have taken the American Agricul¬ 
turist for nearly fifty years and I was 
a subscriber when it was a monthly 
paper. I cannot do without it.”— 
Harry Walrath, 15 New Street, St. 
Johnsville, N. Y. 
TRAPPERSr* 
Ship To 
Good reasons—we pay top prices, 
give best New York grading, send 
returns same day we receive 
shipments. We pay parcel post 
and express charges. No com¬ 
mission deducted. 
U you want a good house to ship 
to this season, write now for 
price list. Don’t delay. 
BENJAMIN DOBMA 
RURS, G/HS£NG, £TC. 
/47 West 24** ST. New York. 
LET US TAN 
YOUR HIDE. 
Horse or Cow hide. Calf or other skins 
with hair or lur on, and make them 
into coats (for men and women),robes, 
rugs or gloves when so ordered; or we 
can make your hides into Oak Tanned 
Harness or Slaughter Solo or Belt Leath¬ 
er j your calfskins Into Shoe Leather. 
Colors, Gun Metal, Mahogany, Russet or 
lighter shade. Calfskins tanned in the 
lighter shades of shoe leather, also 
make elegant atand and fable covert; 
great for birthday, wedding and holi¬ 
day gifts. 
LET US FIX YOUR 
WORN FURS 
freshen, repair and reshape them if- 
needed, Furs are very light weight,® 
therefore it would cost but little to send them in to ns 
by Parcel Post and get our estimate of cost; then we 
will hold them aside awaiting your decision. If you say 
"go ahead,” very well; we will do so and hold them 
free of storage until you want them. If you say “no,” 
we will return them post-paid. 
Our illustrated catalog and style book combined gives 
a lot of useful information. It tells how to take off 
and care for hides. About our safe dyeing process on 
cow and horse hides, calf and fur skins. About dressing 
fine fur skins and making them into neckpieces, muffs 
and garments. About taxidermy and Head Mounting. 
The Crosby Frisian Fur Company, 
571 Lyell Ave„ Rochester, N. Y. 
Fur Dealers 
and Trappers 
Send me your collections for i 
best averages. Your neighbor 
ships to me, why not you ? 
My references—Your own Bank 
or the Editor of this paper. 
Write for price list. 
CHARLES A. KAUNE 
278 Bridge Street, Montgomery, N.Y. 
Trade 
Mark 
tib. 
How many $$$ have you lost by shipping to those 
high quoters who grade your shipments down below 
value ? We use all kinds of Furs and pay highest 
possible prices on a fair and square assortment. 
Write today. O. FERRIS & CO., CHATHAM, N. Y. 
WEAR FURS 
It’s Easy This Way 
Furs to order at half the cost, from 
hides of farm animals or pelts from your 
hunt. Stylish garments warm and 
beautiful. Robes, Rugs, etc. 
Free book tells how to skin and care for 
pelts—all about sizes, styles and prices. 
ROCHESTER FUR DRESSING CO. 
523 West Avenue ROCHESTER, N. V. 
SKUNK 
We pay highest cash prices for all 
staple furs—Skunk, Mink, Muskrat, 
Raccoon, Red Fox. Fancy furs a 
specialty, including Silver and 
Cross Fox, Fisher, Marten, etc. 
Est. 1870. Our continued prompt 
returns and liberal policy are now bringing us ship¬ 
ments from all North America, Alaska to Mexico. 
Send for free Price List. Address 
M. J. JEWETT & 3QNS, REDWOOD, N. Y., Dept. 9 
MEN WANTED 
TO LEARN 
\ iifj-k and Tractor 
*»Uiy Mechanics 
EamSOO to $400aMonth! 
Trade a few weeks of your time for lifetime 
prosperity and independence. Learn autos, 
tractors, electrical equipment by actual prac¬ 
tice on them, under master instructors, in 
my big school shops. Thenstepinto one of the good 
jobs always waitingfor RAHE TRAINED experts. 
No book learning” needed—just common sense. 
railroad fare 
f JKLL ROOM AND BOARD 
. If you come now, I will allow your R. R. Fare to 
either school; give you FREE Room and Board; 
furnish everything for your training, so you can 
qualify as a real expert; and make you a Special 
low tuition rate. 
Write me today for full particulars of this 
great offer and proof that I can 
quickly make you a success. Original 
and only schools operated by Bfenry 
~. Rahe. No colored enrollments. 
HENRY J. RAHE, 
President and Founder 
RAHE AUTO and 
TRACTOR SCHOOL j 
Dept.2113, llth&Locust St. # 
KansasCity.Mo. or Dept. 2113 
916 Forbes St., Pittsburg,Pa. , 
