Achievement 
An engine terminal on the New York 
Central Lines in midwinter . Railroad 
men must keep the heavy traffic mov^ 
irtg through all kinds of weather , 
T HE American railroads in 1923 hauled the largest ton¬ 
nage in’their history—and with an efficiency of operation 
never before paralleled. To this achievement the New York 
Central Lines contributed a notable measure of public service. 
The very heavy program in rehabilitation inaugurated by 
the New York Central Lines immediately following the ter¬ 
mination of Federal control — involving the expenditure of 
many millions of dollars for new equipment and larger facil¬ 
ities—placed this railroad system in a position to meet the 
growing traffic demands of the great territory it serves. 
While car loadings throughout the country for 1923 showed 
an increase of 26.7% over 1921, and 15.3% over 1922, the 
New York Central Lines gained 42.7% over 1921, and 16.8% 
over 1922. 
The New York Central program of expansion—in anticipation 
of the greater traffic demands of the coming years—is going 
steadily on. 
NEW YORK CENTRAL LINES 
BOSTON &ALBANY-MICHIGAN CENTRAL~BIG FOUR ~ PITTSBURGH &LAKE ERIE 
AND THE NEW YORK CENTRAL AND SUBSIDIARY LINES 
Qeneral Offices —466 Lexington Ave., New York 
FORDS rtuiMMiles 
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Ford.34 ml. Reo.24 ml. Chevro’t. ,32ml. 
Butck4...30mi. Chaim’s...23ml. Max’I(25) 30ml. 
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Hudson...30ml. Paige6....20ml. Lincoln8..17ml. 
Hupp.25 ml. Oaklnd 6. .24 mi. StdbkrLt6 23ml. 
Dodge....28ml. Overi’d4..32ml. Cole8..... 17ml. 
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RUSSIAN SPRINGFIELD SPORT¬ 
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Length, 42M inches; barrel, 22 inches. Turned down 
bolt handle. Special price, $10.46. Ball cartridges, 
hard nose, $3.50 per 100. Web cart. Belt. 40 cents. 
Reference catalog, 372 pages, 60 cents. 1924 circular 
for 2 cent stamp. Established 1865. 
FRANCIS BANNERMAN SONS 
501 Broadway New York City 
When writing to advertisers, be sure to 
mention the American Agriculturist 
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Roofing 
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Lowest prices on Ready-Made 
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THE EDWARDS MFG. CO. 
.212-262 Pike St. Cincinnati, 0. 
1*3 
Samples & 
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c^nts^Vonderfu^vaiue^ 
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Bldg., directly across street from Patent Office, Wash¬ 
ington, D. C. 
Ventilating Dairy Barns 
(Continued from page 105 ) 
includes alleys, walks and passages. 
This, fortunately, is about the space now 
found in most stables. 
The side walls, if of stone or concrete, 
should be lined with furring strips and 
matched boards or lathed and plastered. 
If they are of frame they should be double 
boarded on the outside with paper be¬ 
tween and should be lined with matched 
boards on the inside. One thickness of 
lumber over the stock is enough if this 
floor is well covered with fodder or bed¬ 
ding. Some good authorities prefer to 
fill the space between the lining and the 
outer siding with dry shavings, sawdust 
or cut straw’. This is undoubtedly ad¬ 
visable if the filling can be had without 
too great expense. In planning a ventila¬ 
tion system one should not hesitate to 
thoroughly insulate the walls of the stable 
and the outtake flues. While this is the 
costly part of the installation it is the part 
on which, to a great extent, the success or 
failure of the whole system depends. 
Where more than one outtake flue is 
needed it is well to put them in pairs, one 
going up each side of the stable and the 
pair emptying into one cupola- For barns 
60 feet long one pair of outtakes near 
the middle should be enough. For longer 
A very common error made in installing 
ventilating system, is having the flues and 
heads entirely too small. This is true in 
the above case. Note the line from the 
ventilator head to the eaves, showing the 
affect of poor ventilation between the 
flue and roof. 
barns two or more pairs will be necessary. 
These flues should be air tight and heat 
tight so that all the warm air that enters 
the flue w’ill reach the top and stay as 
warm as possible all the way up. Three 
thicknesses of lumber and tw r o of paper 
make a good flue. Two thicknesses of 
boards with paper and two to four inches 
of shavings make a better flue. Round 
pipe made of galvanized sheet iron makes 
a very desirable outtake flue and one 
that is not hard to put up. This may be 
insulated by wrapping with at least 6 
inches of paper, felt, asbestos paper or by 
cut straw held in place by a box made of 
rough boards. 
The outtake flues should start about a 
foot above the stable floor and extend 
into the cupola on the ridge of the roof. 
If the stable is built as a “leanto” beside 
a storage barn, the flues may well go up 
the inside of the storage barn. Openings 
into the flues should be provided not 
only at the floor, but also at the stable 
ceiling and both of these should have 
slide doors to control the passage of air. 
The cross sectional area of the flues 
will depend upon the number of cows the 
stable will hold and the vertical distance 
from the ceiling of the stable to the point 
where the flue enters the cupola. 
The following table gives the.approxi¬ 
mate total area of outtake flues in square 
inches for various numbers of cows in 
barns of different heights: 
No. of 
cows 
10 
Height in feet from ceiling above 
cows to ridge of barn 
15 SO 25 30 35 
10 
10 
537 
438 
380 
340 
311 
287 
269 
11 
591 
483 
417 
374 
342 
318 
295 
12 
646 
528 
447 
408 
373 
345 
324 
13 
700 
572 
495 
443 
404 
374 
350 
14 
752 
614 
532 
476 
434 
402 
376 
15 
809 
654 
572 
512 
468 
432 
404 
16 
862 
704 
609 
545 
497 
459 
431 
17 
916 
748 
647 
579 
528 
489 
458 
18 
969 
791 
686 
612 
560 
517 
485 
19 
1021 
824 
721 
644 
590 
545 
511 
20 
1075 
880 
760 
680 
622 
575 
538 
The total flue area for larger number of 
cows may be found by adding together 
the areas for numbers given. For ex- 
(Continued on. page 107) 
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C„_f C„ oa Here is the most wonderful book 
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from early summer until snow flies. 
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R. M. Kellogg Co. 
Box 3110 
[Three Rivers, Mich. 
f|00 Dollars 
’cash Prized 
For the Largest Tomatoes 
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All details of these Prize Awards ere given 
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196MECHANIC ST 
Jackson ( 61 ) Michigan 
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Increases Crop Yield 
LOW in COST 
For prices and details write to 
ALBA MARL LIME COMPANY 
Charles Town, Jefferson County. W. Va. 
000 SEEDS 
Grown From Select Stocl 
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R. H. SHUMWAY. Rockford, W 
CLOVER 
S7.50 bushel; Grimm Alfali 
S22.50; Alfalfa S8.00; Suds 
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tucky Blue Grass S3.0I 
Caneseed S1.00, Kaffir $1,25. Millet S1.00; Red Clovi 
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Meiers Seed and Grain Co., Salina, Kan 
J 1 Preserves all Wood-y 
work on Farms &Lr 
Guaranteed to 
doublethe life of 
> yourSilos, Shingles, 
v Barns. Fence Posts, 
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it of Hen-Houses. 
Write to' Circulars 
Carbolineum Wood Preserving Co. 
Dept. J 93 Milwaukee. W» 
Steel Wheels 
iy other wheels, OflQT 
(/service. Make 
Cheaper than an: 
figuring years of service, j*ituw 
any wagon good as now_Low ►. gj) 
down—easy to load. No repairs. 
EMDSOEReducedprices Catalog ft®? 
fctnrmCrwfg.co.,Bos.79, Otonw* 
