iling A Cross-Cut Saw 
ffcMw To Sharpen and Set An Ordinary Hand Saw 
S AVBvS whicli are used on 
JfMrms very often of nec- 
essfijgy become wet and a. wet saw soon 
becomes rusty. If it is cleaned soon 
gfteBr the rust begins to appear on the 
blaJae it may be brought to as smooth a 
sttlface as a new saw. If, however, the 
w is neglected, the blade becomes rust 
lifted and the pits cannot be removed 
as they are depressions in the metal. 
Sand paper, emery cloth or any other 
substance which when used leaves marks 
on the blade should not be used in 
cleaning a saw. Pumice stone and water 
are very satisfactory materials for clean¬ 
ing saw blades. The pumice stone may be 
obtained at drug stores. It is inexpensive. 
A piece of lump pumice as large as a fist 
may be obtained for about ten cents. It 
will clean all the saws ordinarily used on 
one farm for many years. 
To clean a saw, place it flat on a bench 
or other solid support. Put a small quan¬ 
tity of water on the blade, rub the blade 
with the pumice stone until all the rilst is * 
By L. M. ROEHL handle of the saw, thus fil¬ 
ing against the cutting edge 
of each tooth. 
After a saw is cleaned it is jointed. 
That is, the flat side of a flat file is run 
over the points of the teeth as was done 
with the rip saw. This brings all points 
to the same plane 
Fig. 9 
^ •The SAvt 
/.error* or Teer/r 
^er rxorr *£*£ 
/ Cleurrncc 
PpmT 
Handle.' 
rag. All saws, drawshave and other 
smooth tools may be cleaned in this way. 
Fig. 7 shows the shape of the teeth of 
a cross-cut hand saw. It may be noted 
that the front or cutting edges of the 
teeth are not at a right angle or square to 
the points of the teeth as are the teeth of 
a rip saw but are 12 ° more than a right 
angle. This is the angle at which saws 
are filed at the factories where made. If 
the front or cutting edges were filed at a 
right angle, the saw wquld grab into the 
wood too much. It would work hard and 
it would be difficult to get a smooth cut. 
This angle is often spoken of as the 
“hook” of the saw. To obtain the proper 
“hook” or angle to the teeth the file is 
tilted or tipped toward the point of the 
saw as indicated at B, Fig. 8 . In this 
figure, it may be noted, a file is shown in 
place in the gullet between two teeth. 
If the file is placed in the gullet between 
two teeth so that one of the triangular 
sides of the file is horizontal or flat, the 
front and back of each tooth will be the 
same. There will not be enough "hook” 
to the teeth to cause them to "take hold” 
well. Such a saw is spoken of as a peg 
tooth saw. 
The cross-cut hand saw is not filed 
or line. Due to the 
fact that some teeth 
were longer than 
others, the saw is 
apt to have an ap¬ 
pearance similar to 
Fig. 10 . This shows 
four teeth. The 
point of tooth No. 1 
has just been touched with the file. 
Tooth No. 2 was much longer and much 
of the point was filed away, leaving a 
large flat surface. No. S, due to poor 
filing, is smaller than the others. No. 4 
is larger than any of the others. To file 
these teeth. No. 1 is left as it is. No. 2 
is brought to a point by filing against 
the front edge only. Tne back of No. 3 
is filed with the same strokes of the file as 
used for the front of No. 2 . No. 4 is brought 
to a point by filing the front edge only. 
By such procedure the teeth are brought 
to the same size and shape. 
Fig. 9 shows one tooth set to the right 
and nest to the left. The set makes a cut 
or kerf in the wood wider than the thick¬ 
ness of the blade of the saw. The amount 
of set depends largely on the kind of "work 
required of the saw. Green and wet wood 
require more set than dry wood. Saws 
Hle hep, 
Not herl 
-«—point or <snw 
Fig. 10 
which are used for general purposes on 
farfns require more set than those used by 
carpenters. So regulate the set at hand 
that about half of the tooth is set as 
shown in Fig. 9 and by the shaded tooth 
in Fig. 7. _ 
School Bill Cuts Taxes 
{Continued from page 186 ) 
Same Districts Under Present System 
District 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
Tax Rate 
.0044 
.012 
.0104 
.0113 
.009 
District 
6 
7 
S 
9 
Tax Rate 
.0066 
.0101 
.0075 
.0085 
straight across as is the case with the rip 
saw. It is held as shown at A, Fig. 8 , 
the point of the file pointing toward the 
point of the saw. Fig. 8 A show’s the file 
held so that there are 60° between the 
handle end of the file and the blade of the 
saw. The smaller this angle, that is, the 
closer the handle end of the file is held 
to the blade of the saw, the keener will be 
the resulting cutting edges of the teeth. 
Not more than 60° nor less than 45° will 
give good results. There is difference of 
opinion in regard to the way to hold the 
file. Some men file as indicated, in the 
drawing and maintain that the saws 
“take hold” better and make a smoother 
cut. Others point the file toward the 
Here is the same kind of a comparison 
for JEFFERSON COUNTY, town of 
WATERTOWN: 
Under Rural School Bill 
Assessed valuation of all districts: $1,068,323. 
True valuation as per State Tax report: (66%) 
$1,618,671. 
Number of teachers plus consolidated dis¬ 
tricts: 13. 
True valuation per teacher: $124,513. 
Per cent, expense paid by State: 58%. 
Expense of all schools 1922—23: $13,009.22. 
Part of this paid by State: $7,588.71. 
Balance to be raised by tax: $5,420.51. 
Tax rate on assessed valuation: .00507. 
Same Districts Under Present System: 
District Tax Rate District Tax Rate 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
.00635 
.0077 
.012 
.005 
.009 
.011 
.015 
8 
10 
11 
12 
13 
.008 
.0125 
.0086 
.0055 
.006 
.005 
Note: 66 per cent, is equalization 
rate according to State Tax Report. 
Contract districts count as a teacher. Tax 
rates are taken from your annual appor¬ 
tionment blank. 
Total public money this year: 
$4,517.96. 
Total public money under Rural School 
Bill as per above: $7,588.71. 
(Continued on page 800) 
Here’s one instance of the success McSweeny 
Training has brought thousands of men: 
George W. Smith, West Alexandria, O., has 
earned over $ 8 oo a month ever since he finished his 
training. He now owns his own garage and auto 
agency. When Smith came to me he knew nothing 
about autos. He was a farmer boy, eager to learn. 
In eight weeks my methods made a big-money man out of him. And there’s 
no reason why any boy can’t do just as well. 
I'll Pay Your Railroad Fare to Cincinnati 
and Board You for My Full 8-Week Term 
I get calls every day from garages, battery stations, 
auto factories and so on, for McSweeny-trained 
men. The big fellows know where to come for men who 
will make good. Albert Boyer, of Alexandria, Ky., is only 19 
rears old, but he has been making a big success in his own business 
or two years. He says my training made him able to win out. 
To fill the calls on me for trained experts, I’m making this won¬ 
derful offer, which can be held open for only a short time. I'll 
pay your railroad fare to Cincinnati, and board you for the full 
eight weeks. 
I 
Ins 50 Days You're Ready 
to Command a Big P ay Job 
13 , 000,000 Autos and 1 , 000,000 Tractors must be 
kept running. Spend 50 days in my great shops 
and no job will be too hard for you. Big wages 
and steady work are certain. “McSweeny Train¬ 
ing made me Chief Mechanic of a big plant in three 
months,” wrote Fred Pendley, Blowing Rock, N. 
C., to me recently. / 
Electrical Course Included 
Every one of my students receives a complete course 
in practical electricity (a money-making profession in 
itself). He learns ignition, starting, lighting, power plant and 
motor and generator wiring—all by the same work-shop job-methods 
which teach him all about carburetors, transmissions, vulcanizing, 
battery construction and repair—everything there is to know about 
any auto or tractor. He learns in 50 days to tackle any machine, in 
any condition, and “put it on its feet.”. 
Mac Trains Men With Tools-Mot Text Books 
^You Learn Under Experts in a Wonderful Shop 
I have successfully managed more auto and 
tractor schools than any man in the world. Now 
I have been placed in complete control of the former 
Rahe Auto and Tractor School, of Cincinnati, Ohio. I now 
can apply still more of the ideas for training auto experts, 
that made the former Rahe School such a wonderful Insti¬ 
tution when I was only in partial control. I can say with¬ 
out hesitation that the former Rahe School, now the McSweeny 
School, is by far the greatest Auto, Tractor and Electrical 
training institution in the world. Write me and I’ll tell you 
what this splendid school can mean to YOU—to your pay 
envelope and your future. 
Write Today for Free Catalog 
£ Special Reduced Tuition Offer 
for McSweeny Life Scholarship r 
JFSWIEMY 
Auio,Tractor & Electrical 
ninth CflfAAl Cincinnati] 
wauiut iSVnUVL Ohio | 
Successors io Rahe Auto j 
& Tractor School 
The Great McSweeny School 
J. H. McSWEENY.! 
McSWEENY AUTO, TRACTOR AND ELECTRICAL SCHOOL 
Dept. 225 ‘Ninth and Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio 
Send me your Big Free Book on auto 
and tractor business, and send me 
information on special reduced 
tuition offer, in effect for a short 
time only. 
Name. 
* 
Street or R. F, D .. • • • 
City or town.State.. . . 
(No facilities for colored students) 
