248 
Two things it will 
pay you to know 
When you buy all-rubber overshoes 
First—What kind of rubber is in them? 
Second—What’s under the rubber?^ 
‘ The answer to these two questions explains why 
farmers have found that the “U. S. ” Walrus gives 
longer wear and better service. 
If you cut a strip of rubber from a “ U. S. ” Walrus 
you’d find it would stretch more than five times 
its length without breaking —and snap back into 
shape like an elastic band! 
If you cut deeper, you’d find layer on layer of 
reinforcements—the strongest reinforcements ever 
put into an overshoe. Where the hard strains come 
there are as many as 10 separate layers of rubber 
and fabric in the “U. S. ” Walrus. 
The “U. S. ” Walrus wears longer because it’s 
built to wear longer. Ask your own dealer .to show 
you a pair. Other “U. S.” Rubber Footwear 
Ply on ply of rub¬ 
ber and fabric are 
built into the wall 
of the “U. S.” Wal¬ 
rus. Here at the 
back of the heel are 
10 separate layers. 
A strip of rubber 
cut from a “U. S.” 
Walrus will stretch 
more than 5 times 
its length without 
breaking! 
“U. S.” Boots, built so strongly they’re 
famous wherever boots are worn—Rub¬ 
bers and Arctics, all styles and sizes for 
the whole family—“U. S.” Bootees, the 
all-rubber lace shoes for spring and fall 
use—every kind of rubber footwear is 
included in the big “U. S.” line. Look 
for the “U. S.” Trade Mark. 
United States Rubber Company 
U.S: Walrus 
American Agriculturist, March 8 ,1924 
How To File a Rip Saw 
And How To Make A Clamp To Hold It Securely 
T HE tools required 
for fitting a rip 
saw are as follows: 
By F. G. BEHRENDS 
Flat file without a handle to joint the saw. 
Triangular file to file the saw. 
Saw clamp to hold the saw while jointing and filing. 
Saw set to set the teeth. 
Success in filing a saw depends very 
largely on the light. The saw must be 
held in such a position that the light 
shines on the points of the teeth so that 
the filer can tell when 
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a tooth has been filed 
to a point. 
The clamp which 
is shown in use in 
the accompanying 
pictures is a simple, 
inexpensive and very- 
satisfactory home¬ 
made clamp. It has 
an advantage over 
many other clamps 
in that it [does not 
need to be fastened 
to a bench, table or 
window sill, but may be stood wherever 
the light is suitable. 
The framework of the clamp consists of 
stands at the end of 
the saw and holds the 
file in both hands with the handle end 
toward him. The thumbs are held on 
the file and the indpx fingers under the file 
and pointing toward the filer. By holding 
the file in this way it is easy to hold it at 
right angles to the side of the saw. The 
file is pushed forward lightly over the 
saw lengthwise as many times as are 
necessary to file all the high points down 
to the lowest tooth. By working in front 
of a window so that light may shine on the 
teeth it will be observed that each point 
two pieces of 2" x 4" x 4'—O" braces 
which are placed 19" apart and held with 
three braces "/&" x 4" x 223^". Two pieces 
of board H" x 4 " x 34" are used for the 
clamps. 
Figure 1 show's the top of one of the 
posts. A notch 1 Yf' wide and 4" deep is 
sawed in it and a saw 
Fig. 5—Checking The Position of the File 
cut is made on down 
to 6". This saw 7 kerf 
is to allow' the back 
of ’the saw to drop 
down and bring the 
teeth of the saw just 
above the top edges 
of the clamps when 
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that has been touched with the file shows 
a bright, shiny surface. If some teeth do 
not show a bright point it is an indication 
that they have not been touched by the 
file and another stroke or two of the file is 
needed. If any tooth is below the line, 
it w'ill not do any service when the saw 
is being drawn through the W’ood and 
might as well be out. 
Figure 4 shows the shape of rip saw 
teeth. The front or cutting edges of the 
teeth are at a right angle to a line along 
the points of the teeth. This may be 
tested with a square as shown in the 
drawing (Figure 4). This figure also 
boltis placed through 
each post just below 7 w # _ 
the saw kerf to prevent the posts from shows a triangular file in the right position 
splitting wdien the clamps are forced between two teeth. It should be noted 
down into the notches. The top corners that the side of the file which is against 
of the posts are sawed off as shown in the the front of a tooth is held plumb. Figure 
draw'ing (Figure 1.) If left, on they 5 show's how to hold a try square tight 
would be in the w T ay while working on the against the file to test if it is being held 
plumb. By holding one side of the file 
saw 7 . 
Figure 2 shows one end of one of the plumb as shown in Figure 4 and pressing 
clamps. At points 5" from the ends. 
the file down in the gullet, the back edge 
of the tooth will be at 30° to a line along 
the points of the teeth. 
Figure 6 shows the position of the saw 
in the clamp and the file on the saw 7 . It 
may be noted that the saw is placed down 
in the clamp so that the teeth are only 
about 34" above the top edge of the 
clamp. Unless the saw is placed low' in 
the clamp it w'ill vibrate while filing and 
the file w'ill not cut w r ell. It may also be 
noted that the file is held straight across 
the saw. Files cut on the forward stroke 
only and so the file is raised from the 
Fig. 3—Jointing the Saw 
notches are cut 34" deep and 234 r/ wide 
as shown in the drawing. .The upper, 
outside corner of each clamp is planed off 
so as to get it out of the w 7 ay. The lower 
corner at each end of each clamp is sawed 
off as shown in the drawing so that it w'ill 
fit the saw at the handle end. 
The notches in the 
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posts and clamps 
must be cut so that 
the clamps w'ill pinch 
the saw' at the upper 
edge (near the teeth) 
when the saw is in 
place. 
Fig. 6—Filing the Saw 
The first thing to do in fitting the saw 
is that of jointing the saw (Figure 3). 
This is done with a flat file without a 
handle. The saw is placed iff the clamps 
so that the teeth are up above the clamps 
at least an inch and a half so as to allow 
plenty of room for the hands. The filer 
saw each time it is brought back. Long, 
light, even strokes of the file are necessary 
for the best results. A very desirable 
poisition of the hands is shown in r 
6. The right hand holds the handle end 
of the file firmly and the point of the We 
is held lightly between the thumb ana 
(Continued on page 260) 
