American Agriculturist, April 5, 1924 
Growing Hardy Perennials 
Flowers Which Will Repay Careful Attention 
359 
W hile the 
hardy peren¬ 
nials, such as roses, dahlias, chrysanthe¬ 
mums and peonies pay better for the 
care given them, they require much 
more attention than the annuals that 
come up from seed and die when frost 
touches them. With the proper winter 
protection the perennials will give you 
more blooms the second year than the 
first and in time will multiply sufficiently 
to be separated and to plant new beds. 
By ELISE MORRIS 
No flower needs so 
much work as do 
roses, yet they seem almost human in their 
appreciation. A weekly spraying with 
Bordeaux mixture and arsenate of lead, 
eight ounces to five gallons of water, will 
prevent insects and fungus diseases. 
Tobacco dust is best for the green fly, or 
aphis, which generally appears after a 
rainy spell. 
For beauty the hybrid tea roses are the 
most desirable, next to the sweet but 
Nearly all of the perennials are gross brief blooming old garden roses of our 
feeders and require much richer soil than 
the annuals. They should be planted 
deep in soil well mixed with rotted cow 
manure. When planted in poor soil they 
are apt to die during a dry summer. 
Spring is the best season for planting 
perennials, as they have had a long 
winter’s rest and are prepared to put forth 
new life. A few, such as peonies and all 
varieties of bulbs, do best planted in fall. 
Planted in spring they are apt to be killed 
grandmother’s day, but the hybrid 
perpetuals are the most hardy. The 
blooming season of the modern rose is 
longer than the old-fashioned ones and 
the blossoms more perfect. Of the com¬ 
mercial varieties here are a few that I 
know to be good: The “Colleen,” a deep 
pink rose shading to gold on the edges of 
the leaves; the “Killamey,” a rose pink 
of paler shade, the “LaFrance,” a lovely 
pink, the “Richmond,” a brilliant scarlet 
by the heat of summer before they are well These are all hybrid teas while among the 
rooted. In planting, care should be best of the hybrid perpetuals are the 
taken that the ground is not too wet, as “Frau Karl Druschki,” a large pure 
wet ground that has been worked forms a white rose, and the old favorite the 
cake when dry, and requires the whole “General Jacqueminot.” 
season to get back its open condition. Give roses frequent working, water 
Most perennials require an aerated soil, when they seem dry, keep off the plant 
and need more water in summer than the enemies and you will indeed be repaid 
hardy annuals. 
Perennials can be grown from seeds or 
slips, or, if you wish to go to the expense 
of ordering them from a flow'er catalogue, 
you can have stronger plants. 
Space Perennials Well 
Perennials, wdth the exception of bulbs, 
should be planted some distance apart, 
as they do better if not overcrowded. If 
too great a space has been left one can 
always fill it with annuals. 
During the early summer when flowers 
are getting their first rapid growth watch 
them to see if they need staking. To 
stake, drive in a stout stick six inches 
from the plant and tie the plant to the 
stake with a length of old soft cloth wide 
enough not to cut the tender stems. 
One heavy wind or rain storm may do 
damage to a plant from which it will 
not recover during the entire summer. 
Keep the surface of the soil well stirred 
up during the summer and, if the season 
is hot and dry, give the flowers a good 
soaking with clean water, in the late after¬ 
noon, then cover the roots with grass or 
leaf mold to conserve the moisture. Be 
sure to cut off all dead flowers, as the 
beginning of new buds frequently de¬ 
pends on the removal of the old ones. 
About the end of November cut away 
all the dead stems and cover the plants 
lightly with stable manure mixed with 
leaves or dead grass. If the roots are 
covered too deep they are tempted to 
begin growth too early in spring and 
may be caught by a late freeze or frost. 
As the weather begins to moderate in 
spring, uncover the plants and gradually 
let them get hardened. Phlox, peonies. 
Oriental poppies and many of the hardy 
bulbs will stand the severest winters with 
no damage done, but I should advise a 
light covering even for these, except in 
the South or Middle West. 
for your trouble. 
Dahlias 
To have your dahlias bloom early they 
must be planted early in May. Plant 
your slips or roots three feet apart and 
not more than eight inches deep, though 
the holes must be dug at least two feet 
deep and filled in with well-rotted cow 
manure and on top of that leaf mold. 
Drive in your supporting stake when you 
plant the dahlia so as not to disturb the 
root later. While it is best to plant the 
bulbous roots, dahlias can be grown from 
the shoots that come out from the 
parent bulb. Planted, these soon take 
root and bloom the first season. 
In buying dahlias the “Kalif,” a bright 
red, and the “Giant Cactus Nerthus,” a 
bronze yellow, the “Countess of Lons¬ 
dale,” salmon pink, and “Duchess of 
Marlboro,” a vivid yellow, would prove a 
wise selection, though each florist has his 
own names for many dahlias that are 
really the same. 
Hardy Chrysanthemum 
Chrysanthemums should be planted in 
May in a rich bed two feet apart each 
way. If you wish large flowers for fall, 
pinch off all buds but the one on the tip 
end of the stem, but if you want fine 
sprays remove all but a half dozen buds. 
Cultivate occasionally during summer 
and water if the plant looks droopy in 
hot weather, otherwise chrysanthemums 
need little care. Cover the plants with 
leaves when winter comes. The plants 
will have to be lifted every two years and 
put into fresh earth if you wish really 
good blossoms. They are heavy feeders 
so see that they are planted in rich soil. 
Peonies 
To get best results, plant peonies in the 
fall, but should you already have them, 
see that they are well fertilized as soon as 
the tiny buds begin to show above the 
ground in the spring. After they are up 
a few inches work them well. The bloom¬ 
ing season for peonies is long and with 
care they increase in beauty each year. 
Here are four lovely varieties if you plan 
to order any: The “Festive Mixirna,” 
white with red splashes in center, “Deli- 
catissima,” lilac, “Eugene Verdice,” pink,/ 
and the brilliant red “Louis Van Houtte.” 
Phlox, which can be grown from seed, 
_ __ x _ __ _ v the old-fashioned pinks, delphiniums, the 
deep, for the fine selected rose plants are evening primrose and the Oriental poppy 
nearly all grafted plants, and if planted all will make their appearance year after 
too close to the surface they send up year if they are encouraged by care to 
suckers. Grafted roses have seven leaves come back. The success of all of these will 
•nstead of the usual five. If suckers do depend on you; therefore, do not attempt 
come they should be cut back to the root, to grow more than you have time for. 
Roses — “Almost Human” 
The rose bed should be prepared as 
early as possible before planting so as to 
give the ground time to settle. Do not 
fertilize the rose bed until after the roses 
are planted. This will prevent the 
nianure from touching the roots and 
injuring them. Use a good top soil and 
press it down firmly about the roots, 
then spread well-rotted manure over the 
surface of the bed between the plants. 
Always remember to plant roses fairly 
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