436 
v- 
$100,000 a day for Taxes 
T HE high cost of government is a burden 
of which every citizen must bear his share. 
It is one of the large factors in the high cost 
of living. 
Taxes are a part of the cost of everything we 
eat, wear or use. Nothing escapes and no 
consumer can escape paying. 
In the freight and passenger rates paid by the 
public last year were Federal, State and local 
taxes reaching the record figure of $336,000,000. 
\ 
New York Central Lines taxes amounted to 
$37,605,560, or more than $100,000 a day; near¬ 
ly three times what they were ten years ago. 
Every citizen has a vital interest in cutting 
down the tax burden. 
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I American Agriculturist 
American Agriculturist, May 3 , 1924 
Slow Up Road Building For a While 
{Continued from 'page 435) 
$9.20 for highway tax, the highway tax 
being a little over 47%. 
I think the proper people should under¬ 
stand the source of most of our increased 
taxes, then if they feel that they want to 
continue this road program, all well and 
good. If not, let their representatives in the 
Boards of Supervisors and Town Boards 
know their wishes. Our town and county 
highway budgets need looking after. 
The state assessors are constantly nagging 
our local assessors to increase the assess¬ 
ment on real estate and the last fifteen 
years, ours has been increased about 30% 
so that our increased taxes come at us 
from both ways, increased taxation and 
vastly higher rates. 
There is no question more in need of a 
sane and righteous solution than our real 
estate tax problem.—C. S. P., Cayuga 
Co., New York. 
* * * 
Build Roads in Slack Times 
I WAS much interested in your editorial 
entitled “The Good Road Problem 
and the Farmer’s Taxes” in the April 5th 
issue of the American Agriculturist. 
One of the questions that you asked is 
“Why not slow up this road building 
business until better times?” 
For a considerable time I have been 
interested in the recurrence of periods of 
depression and business prosperity. 
Periods of depression, as we all know, 
bring with it unemployment, under¬ 
consumption of farm and other products 
and a general business and social demoral¬ 
ization. In this country economists and 
business men have done much to solve 
our purely fiscal and financial problems. 
At the present time these groups are 
giving special attention to the fluctuations 
in the business cycle. A number of 
remedies have been suggested. 
Your article made me think of one of 
these. This remedy proposes the long 
range planning of public works so that 
new buildings, new bridges and new 
roads might be constructed in a period of 
industrial depression. The putting off 
of construction until dull times would not 
only have the advantage of tending to 
level the peaks and valleys of the business 
cycle but would enable states and counties 
to have their construction work done more 
cheaply. As you know, in dull times 
wages are lower and the price of materials 
are also correspondingly lower. The 
construction of roads in dull times would 
minimize the present situation which 
compels the farmer to pay exceptionally 
high prices for labor when road making is 
taking place anywhere in the vicinity. 
The following example might be useful. 
During the 1920 boom, the Lighthouse 
Service asked for three light ships. At 
the time the appropriation was available 
a slump in prices had occurred and the 
service was able to have five ships built 
for the same money which would only 
have built three in 1920. 
In 1919, Senator Kenyon of Iowa 
proposed a U. S. Emergency Public 
Works Board to supervize the building 
of public works in dull times by the 
building up of a reserve fund in pros¬ 
perous times when appropriations might 
be made and taxations levied. 
I understand that in the State of New 
Jersey there is a State Board of Control 
of Institutions and Agencies which has 
laid out a ten year building program. In 
New York State by law of February 10, 
1922, there was created a State Depart¬ 
ment for centralized purchase, control, 
and distribution of all supplies purchased 
by the State. I am not certain but I 
believe this department does not have 
the planning of public works under its 
jurisdiction. 
The long range planning of public 
works is not new to students of the 
business cycle and to students of the 
unemployment problem. This remedy 
was one of those suggested by the Com¬ 
mittee on Unemployment in 1921 and 
has the endorsement of prominent econo¬ 
mists in this country and abroad. Th e 
savings that would accrue to the state 
and counties and the prevention of 
business depressions or the amelioration 
of such depressions should, I believe 
appeal to your readers. At the present 
time the first purpose will be more in 
line with what you need for your editorial 
purposes. The second, however, I 
believe is important in that business 
depressions with their attendant unem¬ 
ployment mean under-consumption of 
certain agricultural products.—A. E. Al¬ 
brecht, New York. 
The Present Farm Situation 
in the East 
{Continued from page 432) 
greatly extended the area from which 
milk can be drawn for shipment to New 
York City. The natural result therefore 
has been a material increase in the 
amount of milk seeking the higher price 
paid for fluid milk. Since November the 
League and its competitors have been 
cutting prices to hold the trade, and 
prices have tumbled. 
Members of the League pool received 
no more for milk produced in January 
than they did for that produced in June 
and July of last year ($1.92 per 100 lbs. 
base price compared with $1.9lK during 
last June and July). The January pool 
price for average milk was about 116 
per cent, of the average January price 
during the years 1910-1914. In the last 
six months the price of milk has dropped 
from a point considerably above the 
price of feed to a point considerably below. 
The situation is one of discouragement 
and anxiety to dairymen. Herds are 
being reduced to some extent and the 
amount of grain being fed has already 
been sharply reduced. 
While the outlook, therefore, is for 
lower prices than last year, milk prices 
are not expected to continue to be on the 
exceedingly low level prevailing to-day. 
It is expected, however, that prices will. 
be low enough to cause a slight decrease 
in the amount of grain being fed. This in 
turn will cause a decrease in production 
per cow. Dairying, of course, is a line of 
farming that changes very slowly and 
changes can not be predicted that would 
appear very large on a percentage basis. 
For example, an offhand guess would be 
that the number of cows will be further 
decreased about 3 to 5 per cent, during 
the year and the production of milk per 
cow may be expected to be perhaps 4 per 
cent, lower than in 1923. Fewer calves 
will be raised but probably more butter 
will be made on the farms. 
Since the present acute situation is 
probably more or less temporary, the best 
policy for dairymen would seem to be to 
raise at least the normal number of 
calves but to dispose of some of their older 
cows and produce as much of their milk 1 
on pasture as conditions permit. 
How to Care for Forest Tree 
Seedlings 
Ten million little trees are being dis¬ 
tributed by the New York State Conser¬ 
vation Commission to farmers and other 
land owners for starting forest plantations 
this spring. Whether these trees grow 
successfully or not will depend largely 
on the care they receive before they are 
planted. Dry roots mean dead trees. 
The trees are shipped from the state 
nurseries carefully packed in moss an 
thoroughly wet. It is of vital importance 
that they be taken from the express 
office immediately and “healed in ni 
the ground. The trees are tied U P 111 
bundles of 100 each. These bundles 
must be cut open, the roots dipped m a 
pail of muddy water and the trees se 
upright in a short trench and the roots 
covered and soaked down before the) 
become dry. — Chas. A. Taylor 
